Perpustakaan Digital ITB

Satellite altimetry is a matured technology that provides reliable and accurate ocean geophysical information of sea surface heights (SSHs), significant wave heights (SWHs), and wind speed. It was designed for observing the ocean dynamics through nadir range measurement between satellite and the sea surface. However, to achieve high level accuracy, environmental and geophysical effects on the range measurement must be accurately determined and corrected, particularly the effects from the atmospheric water vapor which can divert altimeter range up to 3-45 cm. Thus, satellite Altimetry is originally equipped by the on-board microwave radiometer to measure the water vapour content in the atmosphere to provide wet path delay correction for the main altimeter range measurement. Therefore, these technologies also have the potential to be developed to study the dynamics of earth, ocean, and atmosphere, simultaneously. It has been proven that the interaction of ocean and atmosphere have a significant role on influencing climate phenomena and their variations through its complex process. Several studies also found that the uncommon reactions between anomalies in atmosphere and ocean hydrological cycle occurred due to rapid climate changes resulting in hydro-meteorological catastrophe. The large scale of hydrometeorological events is generally maintained by Bjerknes feedback mechanism, which primarily focus on the interaction between the atmosphere and the ocean, particularly regarding the temperature and circulation patterns between those mediums. These situations make a thorough study about the interaction between ocean component and atmospheric component are necessary. Thus, this study is performed to fully leverage satellite altimeter sea level anomaly and water vapour measurement to monitor and investigate the complex interactions between the ocean and atmosphere of Bjerknes feedback associated with the anomalous climate mode of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to determine the nature and characteristics of these interactions so they can be utilised in hydro-meteorological catastrophe management activities in the future.