Perpustakaan Digital ITB

The optimization of full-service carrier (FSC) route networks is essential in facing rising operational costs, environmental concerns, and evolving market competition. This study aims to model and optimize the domestic route network of Garuda Indonesia using complex network theory. The optimization process is conducted using NSGA-II to reduce redundant routes and distance, and MILP to adjust flight frequencies while maintaining passenger flow. The data used includes Garuda Indonesia’s 2023 operational reports and scheduled domestic flight data from November–December 2024. The resulting optimized network achieved a 13.07% reduction in total route distance while maintaining full network connectivity and acceptable average path length. This indicates that complex network-based optimization can enhance operational efficiency and sustainability, and is recommended for broader application in real-world airline planning. .