Perpustakaan Digital ITB

Hydraulic fracturing operations in low to medium permeability reservoirs are frequently overdesigned. In many cases, the injected proppant mass and fluid volume far exceed what is actually needed for optimal fracture conductivity, which ultimately leads to diminishing productivity returns. This study aims to optimize the treatment design for four CLE Sandstone wells in Field X, namely KFC 221, KFC 215, KFC 219, and KFC 220. The optimization is achieved by determining the proppant mass saturation point and evaluating the sensitivity of the fracturing fluid volume. Fracture geometries were simulated using a pseudo three dimensional model in Fracturing Propagation Software. During the simulation, the proppant mass was varied from 10 to 100 percent of the original field design. The saturation point marks the exact condition where the Fold of Increase begins to plateau. Rather than estimating this visually, the Kneedle algorithm was applied to identify the point objectively, which was then validated against a dimensionless fracture conductivity threshold of 1.6. The results indicate a clear overdesign in the initial field treatments. KFC 221 and KFC 215 reached their saturation points at just 40 percent of the original proppant mass. Meanwhile, KFC 219 and KFC 220 reached saturation at 50 percent. This reservoir behavior translates to a massive 50 to 60 percent potential reduction in proppant usage. A subsequent sensitivity analysis conducted at these saturation points showed that the clean fluid volume could also be reduced by 29.0 to 30.2 percent. Implementing these adjusted parameters significantly cuts down material waste. The drop in productivity is minimal, with the Fold of Increase only decreasing by 10.9 to 13.1 percent relative to the initial design. In conclusion, combining the Kneedle detection algorithm with Unified Fracture Design principles delivers a highly practical and objective workflow to properly size fracture treatments in mature sandstone reservoirs.