Perpustakaan Digital ITB

performance. The potential of all-inorganic cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) based PSCs has become one of the main focuses of PSCs optimization, which allows this technology to replace conventional solar cells. However, there are many challenges to obtain PSCs with high efficiency and good stability, such as maximizing charge extraction, minimize recombination, and improving the long-term stability of solar cells. One of the main components in the PSC structure is the electron transport layer (ETL), which plays an important role in transporting charge carriers. Therefore, the selection of ETL materials is very important to obtain high-quality PSCs. Metal oxides such as titanium oxide (TiO2) and tin oxide (SnO2) as ETL semiconductor materials have their own advantages and energy bands that are suitable for use in PSCs. One way to improve the performance and stability of PSCs is to change the ETL configuration into double ETLs or modify the ETL morphology. In this study, planar HTL-free CsPbBr3-based PSCs were fabricated with variations of single ETL (SnO2 & hydrothermal TiO2) and double ETL (SnO2/c-TiO2 & c-TiO2/SnO2). A series of PSC fabrication experiments were conducted to analyze and compare the effects of single and double ETLs variations on the performance and stability of CsPbBr3-based PSCs. The SnO2 and c-TiO2 ETLs were deposited using a spincoating method, while hydrothermal TiO2 was deposited using a hydrothermal process with c-TiO2 as the seed layer. The perovskite layer was deposited using a multi-step spin-coating method, maintained under laboratory ambient conditions (50–60 RH, 16°C). Each deposition process was carried out based on the results of preliminary experiments. The morphology of CsPbBr3 on different ETLs was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization. The transmittance and absorption of ETLs/perovskites were determined by ultravioletvisible light (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry analysis. The conductivity of ETLs and the photovoltaic (PV) performance of the devices were measured using a currentvoltage meter (I-V meter). The resistance circuit and recombination resistivity of the devices after aging were analyzed using electrochemical-impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Based on the results of SEM analysis and I-V measurements, the double ETLs c- TiO2/SnO2 has the best surface characteristics of CsPbBr3 and good conductivity. In addition, the device with ETL c-TiO2/SnO2 produces the highest efficiency of 4.93%. Furthermore, the double ETLs c-TiO2/SnO2 has excellent transmittance, enhancing the light absorption by the CsPbBr3 layer. However, in the PCE stability test, the device with a single variation of hydrothermal ETL TiO2 shows superior PCE stability with a PCE increase of more than 180%.