Perpustakaan Digital ITB

The import of fuels in Indonesia is still fairly high to meet the large demand that cannot be met by national production. The raw material for fuels such as gasoline still generally comes from crude oil. Concerns on the depletion of crude oil reserves have encouraged the use of alternative renewable sources. As Indonesia is one of the largest producers and exporters of palm oil in the world, palm oil could be a potential source to produce biogasoline through catalytic cracking using HZSM-5 and HY catalyst. It is crucial to develop a catalyst that meets the standard of EURO 4, which is a gasoline having maximum aromatic content of 35%-v, maximum benzene content of 1%-v and RON minimum of 91. Combining HZSM-5 and HY catalyst is expected to result in high conversion of palm oil into biogasoline with low aromatic content because HZSM-5 catalyst favors high conversion but it has high selectivity towards aromatics, whereas HY is the opposite. The objective of this research is to develop a catalyst for the catalytic cracking of palm oil to produce biogasoline that meets the standard of EURO 4. Catalyst synthesis is done by varying the composition of parent HZSM-5 and HY catalysts and composition of hierarchical HZSM-5 and HY catalysts. Hierarchical modification of HZSM-5 by desilication and dealumination is required to overcome diffusion limitations caused by having small pore size. The catalyst activity test is carried out for 3 hours at 1 atm, 500°C, WHSV of 2.5 hours-1 and 2.5 g catalyst per run. The catalyst characterization methods conducted are N2 isothermal adsorption, XRD, and NH3-TPD, while analysis of the liquid product obtained is done using GC-DHA. The conclusion that can be drawn from this research is that HZSM-5 catalyst has a higher selectivity towards aromatics, whereas HY catalyst is more selective towards paraffin and olefin. The addition of HZSM-5 catalyst to HY catalyst causes an increase in reaction conversion, aromatic selectivity and RON, and a decrease in coke formation. The best catalyst variation that is the closest to meeting the standard Euro 4 is 5%HZSM-5- Hier/HY, which produces gasoline with RON 97 and aromatic content 26%-v. However, the benzene content is still 1.76%-v.