Perpustakaan Digital ITB

Indonesia has a complex tectonic setting, particularly in its eastern region, including the Banda Sea, which has experienced several significant historical tsunami events. This study aims to reconstruct the 1852 Banda Neira and 1899 Seram tsunamis using MIKE 3 Flow Model FM and to evaluate the influence of earthquake source parameters on the simulation results. The model was developed using bathymetry data, tidal boundary conditions, and earthquake source parameters obtained from previous studies. Tidal verification against observed data from BIG resulted in a non-dimensional error below 5%, indicating satisfactory agreement. Three earthquake source scenarios were simulated for each tsunami event.For the 1852 Banda Neira tsunami, the historical tsunami elevation was approximately 8.2 m at Lontor Island and Fort Belgica. Scenario 3 produced the closest results, with a simulated tsunami elevation of approximately 8.3 m at P10 near Lontor Island and 7.92 m at P11 near Fort Belgica, indicating good agreement with the historical records. For the 1899 Seram tsunami, historical records indicate tsunami elevations of approximately 9–10 m at Teluk Elpaputih and 2.4 m at Piru. The simulation result at Piru showed good agreement with the historical value, while the simulated tsunami elevation at Teluk Elpaputih was considerably lower. Previous studies indicate that the tsunami at Teluk Elpaputih was also influenced by a submarine landslide, which was not included in the modelling setup. Therefore, the earthquake-induced initial condition alone was insufficient to reproduce the historical tsunami elevation at Teluk Elpaputih.