Perpustakaan Digital ITB

Low-Cost Carriers (LCCs) have revolutionized air transport with enhanced accessibility, driving phenomenal expansion. The expansion, however, is coupled with severe environmental impacts in terms of fuel usage and emissions. The research addresses this concern by optimizing a low-cost carrier air transport network in a complex network context, balancing environmental footprint and operational efficiency through trade-off. Based on the topological features of Citilink Indonesia's domestic flight network, such as centrality, clustering coefficient, and degree distribution, the research formulates the system as a directed graph. Two-phase optimization was then performed; a Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) was used initially to minimize the overall network distance with connectivity maintained and a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) was used subsequently for flight frequencies and aircraft allocation. With demand satisfaction unaltered, drastic decreases in overall flight distance and fuel usage were observed in the optimized network. Post-optimization analysis, through measurable decreases in resulting CO? emissions, reinforces the viability of sustainable LCC network design. Altogether, the results call for strategic routing adjustment and flight frequency optimization that balances economic and environmental concerns and offers meaningful recommendations to airlines and policymakers regarding inclusion of sustainability in LCC operations. The research paves the ground for future research in sustainable air transport network design and pushes forward the utilization of complex network theory to air transport.