Perpustakaan Digital ITB

Three-wheeled vehicles offer greater agility compared to four wheeled counterparts and enhanced safety compared to two wheeled vehicles. However, as personal vehicles, they face trade-offs, particularly concerning stability and a tendency to roll over during turns. To address these issues, a tilt wheel mechanism can be utilized. By integrating a steering system that simultaneously turns and tilts the front wheels, stability during turning can be improved. A design study is done on the steering system using the Universal Mechanism (UM) software to evaluate and refine its performance. The original design was assessed, and multiple iterations were carried out to solve kinematic issues, particularly the translational movement of the rigid yoke, which increased steering torque. The steering system was redesigned using a dual rack and pinion layout that separates tilting and steering control, allowing the use of control arms and improving dynamic behavior. The updated model was validated through static, kinematic, and dynamic testing. Simulations were conducted under ISO 4138:2021 test conditions to evaluate the different tilting configurations that was possible due to the redesigned steering mechanism. Path error, steering torque, and maximum achievable speed were analyzed to assess stability and driver effort. Based on the results, an 8° tilt configuration was identified as the most balanced setup for urban driving. This study highlights how iterative design evaluation can lead to a more effective and manageable steering system for future three-wheeled vehicles.