Perpustakaan Digital ITB

Air transportation systems are complex, evolving infrastructures whose structural and functional characteristics change over time in response to demand, operational policies, and external disruptions. Traditional static network representations are limited in their ability to capture these temporal dynamics, particularly in archipelagic nations where seasonal migration triggers massive flow reconfigurations. This thesis investigates the temporal evolution of the Indonesian domestic air transportation network using a complex-network and temporal-network modelling approach. The network is constructed as a directed and weighted graph using monthly aggregated passenger data for the year 2018 to generate a sequence of temporal snapshots. A range of network topology metrics, including degree, centrality, and path length, along with Louvain community detection, are evaluated to characterise structural changes and mesoscale organisational stability over time. The results reveal a system defined by "Structural Resilience amidst Dynamic Reconfiguration." While the network successfully absorbed a 30.5% traffic fluctuation (7.50–9.79 million passengers) with minimal change to global topology (Average Path Length < 3.0), significant mesoscale adaptations were identified. Specifically, the Eid al-Fitr period triggered a "Dual-Core Intensification" phenomenon, where airlines activated bypass routes to secondary cities (increasing Betweenness Centrality in Yogyakarta by +46.2% and Semarang by +41.1%) while reinforcing the Eastern hub of Makassar (+3.8%). Furthermore, community detection revealed a demand-driven structural shift, where the network temporarily merged from four clusters to three during the July school holiday peak to accommodate the intense Java-Bali leisure corridor. This study provides a systematic framework for analysing the temporal dynamics of national-scale air transportation networks. It empirically demonstrates that the Indonesian aviation system relies on a stable "Geographic Backbone" (Jakarta-Makassar) to maintain connectivity, while employing a flexible "Economic Periphery" to handle demand shocks. These findings offer actionable insights for network resilience, operational planning, and policy evaluation within the Indonesian aviation system.