Perpustakaan Digital ITB

Transmission Line (TL) are one of important component in delivering power from power plant to consumers. PLN, as state-owned electrical company, manages more than 44.000 kmc of TL, consists of at least 5.000 kmc for 500 kV, 1.850 kmc for 275 kV, 32.400 kmc for 150 kV, 4.660 kmc for 70 kV, 60 kmc for 25 kV and 30 kV. TL is the second-most scattered asset in electrical power following distribution network. Offently, when a fault occurred on TL, the line person has to walk and climb on tower in order to check TL equipment physically. This task will take time even more as the network grows. Finding a source fault could take hours up to days. Therefore, system recovery dependent on the speed of finding the Fault Location (FL). With accurate fault location, the network system can be restored faster. There are two major method to calculate and determine fault location. First, impedance-based method which sensitive to changes of impedance. At saturation measurement, voltage value compared to current value will show the fault characteristic, from which fault location can be determined. The other method is travelling-wave-based which is independent on power swing, current transformer saturation, fault type, fault resistance, fault-inception angle and system parameters. This paper describes fault location using Travelling-wave-based methods in application to series capacitor compensated TL, hybrid TL, and tapped TL. Simulations is done by ATP-EMTP software and analysed using Matlab 2015a and Microsoft Excel 2013. In general, two-ended algorithm give higher accuracy than one-ended algorithm. Although one-ended algorithm results in lower accuracy, the FL error shows less than 1.5%. The error on capacitor compensated TL, hybrid TL, and tapped TL are 0.135%, 2.2%, and 6.33% respectively. Moreover, higher sampling frequency result in higher accuracy. Nevertheless, this method requires a higher cost investment compared to impedance-based. Several advantages and disadvantages of travelling-wave-based method are described in this paper so that it can be wellrealized and well-understood in its application.