Perpustakaan Digital ITB

This thesis develop a techno-economic framework to compare three coal-power decarbonization pathways in West Java which include Natural Retirement (NR), Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) retrofit, and Early Retirement (ER) over the 2023–2050 horizon. Using a present-value (NPV) approach, the study aggregates capital, operating, and system costs and contrasts them with the emissions trajectories under each pathway. The framework also reports cost-effectiveness in USD per ton of CO? avoided relative to NR and conducts sensitivity analysis that internalizes the social cost of carbon (SCC) to identify the carbon price levels at which mitigation benefits offset incremental costs. The analysis shows that NR yields the lowest present-value cost but the highest cumulative emissions; CCS achieves high capture potential at the expense of substantial upfront CAPEX and elevated OPEX; and ER reduces emissions by retiring non-retrofitted units and replacing output with solar PV plus battery storage, shifting the timing of expenditures and avoided costs. When discounting is applied consistently across scenarios, timing differences become pivotal: late costs shrink in PV, while accelerated clean-energy investments can weigh more in PV than in a later build schedule. Taken together, results provide a transparent, plant-to-system view of trade-offs among cost, timing, and abatement, and offer policy-relevant insight for prioritizing least-cost, high-impact decarbonization under Indonesia’s JETP and LTS-LCCR goals.