Perpustakaan Digital ITB

Manihot esculenta also known as cassava have leaves which are notable for producing flavonoid rutin where it is a flavonol glycoside which has the ability to protect plants from dangerous UV radiations. The technique of rutin extraction varies from traditional extraction to improved modernized extractions which utilizes integrated instruments such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE), and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). The aim of this literature study is to compare the extractions for plant-based rutin and to compare the best method of extraction used in order to obtain a high yield of rutin from cassava leaves and its sun protection factor (SPF) effectiveness when formulated in a cream product. This research is done by applying the Meta-analysis Systematic Review where data from relevant documents are collected mainly from Google scholar, Sciencedirect and PubMed which is then analyzed to draw a specific conclusion. Rutin from cassava leaves is best extracted using UAE with the highest yield obtained around 622 mg/100 g dry extract proved by Tao et al. Moreover, MAE is also a good substitution for obtaining high yield of rutin as proved by Chahyadi and Elfahmi where rutin is obtained around 23.37g. Rutin is one of the widely known flavonoids where it is an effective and non-toxic compound which can be used for sunscreen. The SPF properties of some medicinal plants such as D. moldavica and V. tricolor contains high amounts of phenolic and flavonoids with the highest SPF value of 24.79 and 25.69 respectively compared to other plants. High flavonoid content can result in UVB protection. In addition to that, rutin when formulated in a cream showed an increase of around 70% in the SPF effectivity compared to that without rutin. Therefore, based on the several studies reviewed, cassava leaves are composed of high level of rutin where it can be extracted using MAE or UAE for maximum yield and due to its relatively high sun protection factor (spf) activity, it has potential to be formulated in a multifunctional sunscreen or cream.