Perpustakaan Digital ITB

Objective: Purpose of this review is to explore the antimicrobial activity of Moringa oleifera leaves extract and Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seed extract against several microorganisms. Methods: A narrative review of all the relevant studies. Results: The presence of diverse phytochemical compound in the leaves of Moringa oleifera and in the seeds of T. foenum-graecum has contribute to many biological activities, especially in the infectious disease. The phenolic compounds presence in the leaves of M. oleifera worked in a way by protecting muscle against the internal protease and finally inhibits protein breakdown and amine production which resulted in the microbial inhibition. Fatty acids containing short and long carbon chains exhibited antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Flavonoids contained in the M. oleifera extract have been stated to possess anti-biofilm activities. It caused disruption of bacterial attachment on the surface as this step is critical for bacteria to initiate a biofilm formation. M. oleifera leaves in ethanol extraction had stronger antimicrobial activity mainly on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli microorganisms. The presence of flavonoid in T. foenum graecum seed occur as a C3– C6 unit linked to a phenolic ring that is also hydroxylated. The flavonoid compounds are such as naringenin, quercetin and tricin 7-O-b-D-glucopyranoside, vitexin and tricin. These compounds are known to be synthesized in plants as a defense mechanism against microorganisms thus, their antimicrobial effect is of no surprise. Their antimicrobial properties are probably because they form complexes with both extracellular and soluble proteins, as well as bacterial cell wall. Polyphenols (kaempferol, quercetin gylcosides and apigenin) had mechanisms included inhibiting enzymes. It was suggested that this inhibition takes place through reactions with sulfhydryl groups on the proteins. Methanolic extracts had a broad range of antibacterial effects mainly on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Conclusion: The review demonstrated that M. oleifera leaves and T. foenum graceum L. seeds is considered as a promising medicinal plant for the development of an antibacterial agent in future drug development.