Perpustakaan Digital ITB

The existence of the mosque building as a place of worship of Muslims experience interesting development in time to time. Relatively old age of Islamic development in Cirebon brings influence also on the various shapes of mosque buildings that were established in Cirebon. Ancient mosques located in the territory of the Sultanate of Cirebon was founded in about the XV century. Four mosques that became the object of the study are the Pejlagrahan Mosque, Merah Panjunan Mosque, Tajug Agung Pangeran Kejaksan, and the Great Mosque Sang Cipta Rasa. Mosque has a uniqueness that is still maintained to this day. Although the community developed according to its time, but most of the mosque building is still maintained as the original form. Therefore, it is worth studying, given the importance of knowing and understanding what things are causality to happen. Based on these thoughts, the main problem to be examined is how the socio-cultural history in the Cirebon Sultanate region affected the existence and sustainability of these ancient mosques. Historical methodology was used in this study. There are four stages of work from historical methods, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Excavation of visual sources in conventional ways is done with a search pattern as it has been known in the process of extracting historical sources in general (heuristics). This research was also enriched with the latest data in the field and conducted interviews with credible figures. In addition to the historical approach that emphasizes the processual aspects, a social approach that emphasizes structural aspects is also used. Theories or concepts used include, social history, and cultural history. Cirebon as an old city that has been formed since the 15th century has a historical and cultural heritage rich in value and art traditions that still survive to this day. This happens because it is supported by the people. Cirebon as a trading center in the past many visited various nations that bring different beliefs. In its development, the impact as a port city on Cirebon gave rise to the characteristic of multiculturalism in every aspect of community life in Cirebon, including in this case in a building. It is seen from the existence of thick buildings with Hindu-Buddhist, Islamic, Chinese, and Europe. Another impact of Cirebon as a port city is the entry of Islam in Priangan. The stopover of Islamic traders in Cirebon, as well as the acceptance of Cirebon society towards Islam, shows that the impact of iv multiculturalism in Cirebon has influenced the openness of the Cirebon community at that time to something new, including Islam. The harmony of Islam and the people of Cirebon showed a harmonious title, with the fact that Cirebon became the center of the spread of Islam in West Java. As a consequence of that, the existence of mosques in the amount that not as a place of prayer of Muslims in Cirebon become commonplace. The diversity of mosque buildings in Cirebon certainly can’t be separated from the cultural influences that surround it, especially when the mosque was built or renovated. Whether it is the influence of local culture as well as the influence of outside cultures, such as Arabic, Indian, and Chinese. The first finding of this research is the complexity of multiculturalism in Cirebon which manifests in mosque ornaments, this is shown by the diversity of mosque ornaments located in the Sultanate of Cirebon.The second finding is the exclusivity of the people of Cirebon, which manifests itself in a number of mosque ornaments in the Cirebon Sultanate region. The third finding is the representation and resistance of the people of Cirebon to the flow of change. The third finding is the representation and resistance of the people of Cirebon to the flow of change. The fourth finding is visual syncretism in mosque elements. The fourth finding is visual syncretism in mosque elements. The fifth finding is the periodization of visual development in mosques in Cirebon.