Perpustakaan Digital ITB

In 2007, the Indonesian government launched a major kerosene-to-Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) conversion program, aiming to provide a cleaner fuel alternative for its citizens. Despite this effort, many households in suburban and rural areas continue to rely on wood as cooking fuel due to its accessibility and cultural preferences. The combustion of wood emits various air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), which can disperse in the indoor environment and be inhaled by the occupants. Prolonged exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) poses significant health risks, including acute respiratory infection (ARI), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer – especially among the vulnerable populations who typically spend more time indoors, such as women, children and the elderly. Understanding the behaviour of indoor air pollutants is therefore critical for mitigation and exposure risk reduction. This study investigates the distribution of PM2.5 in several indoor household environments resulting from wood stove combustion using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. A steady-state simulation coupled with an unsteady discrete phase model (DPM) was conducted in ANSYS Fluent software to evaluate PM2.5 dispersion in two households located in Suntenjaya Village in West Java. The simulations revealed average PM2.5 concentrations of 2.81?g/m3 and 3.73 ?g/m3 after a 30-minute emission period. However, certain localized zones within the domain showed concentrations approaching the national air quality limit. Further simulations incorporating the effect of passive natural ventilation showed concentration reductions of 27.29% and 19.93%, highlighting the viability of utilizing passive ventilation strategies in improving indoor air quality.