Perpustakaan Digital ITB

As a country with a large population, Indonesia's energy demand is increasing every year. However, the nation has set a target to achieve net-zero emissions by 2060 and reduce the production of greenhouse gases (GHG). To meet this goal, the Indonesian government is increasing the use of renewable energy sources, including hydrogen technology. Hydrogen, as a clean energy source, produces no emissions—only water (H2O) in its liquid phase—and has a gravimetric energy density three times higher than most fossil fuels. The primary challenge is developing storage tanks strong enough to withstand the high pressure of compressed hydrogen gas. Additionally, a market analysis of hydrogen energy demand in Indonesia must be conducted to evaluate the economic viability of this energy source. TransJakarta, the leading public transportation provider in Jakarta, is projected to pioneer the implementation of hydrogen buses in Indonesia, starting in Jakarta. This study will analyze both the technical and economic aspects. The technical analysis will examine the stress and deformation of the hydrogen transportation tank using carbon fiber (395 GPa) prepreg composite layers. The tank's geometry is designed in SolidWorks, and the stress analysis is performed in Ansys. The analysis is conducted under a design load condition of 25 MPa and a hydrostatic load of 31.25 MPa. The simulation shows that using 10, 20, and 30 layers of carbon fiber under both loading conditions, the safety factor value is acceptable, and the tank is considered safe. The economic analysis will estimate the number of hydrogen buses in the future using a logistic model and calculate the hydrogen demand cost until 2050. The economic analysis will be conducted in three scenarios (standard, moderate, and progressive). The hydrogen fuel cost will also be compared to diesel costs, and the analysis shows that by 2048, the operational cost of hydrogen buses will be cheaper than diesel fuel, with a total cost of Rp. 1,011,000,000,000. This cost will be lower than using all non-subsidized diesel-powered buses, which would cost Rp. 1,215,000,000,000, and using all subsidized diesel-powered buses, which would cost Rp. 1,083,000,000,000. The total carbon dioxide emissions reduced by 2050 will also be calculated, with the progressive scenario (scenario 3) achieving a reduction of 3.21 million tons of CO2, equivalent to a carbon credit value of approximately 96.3 billion rupiah.