Covid-19 pandemic begin at late 2019, currently 4 type of vaccines which is available on the
market which are mRNA, viral vector, protein-based and inactivated vaccines. This research focus
on efficacy and safety of Covid-19 vaccines on older people. The objective are to identify the
vaccine efficacy on prevention of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, death and the safety of
vaccines. Searching engine used include PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus. The sources was
limited to journals published from 2020 onwards. The inclusion criteria included the participant
who are 60y.o. and older with no previous infection of Covid-19, phase 1,2 and 3 clinical trial,
case-control study and cohort, article Scimago Index Q1~Q3. The exclusion criteria are patient
under 60y.o. , patient had infected by Covid-19, article type such as commentary, review and
short reports and article Scimago index below Q3. As the results, fifteen journals are included.
Primary efficacy of Moderna 86.4%, Pfizer-BioNTech 93.7%, Novavax 88.9%, AstraZeneca,
65.5%, Sputnik V 93.7% and SinoVac 51.1%. Secondary efficacy, prevention of hospitalization,
after 1
st
dose Pfizer-BioNTech 43%, AstraZeneca 37%, SinoVac 38.6%. After 2
nd
dose Pfizer-
BioNTech 85%, AstraZeneca 94% and SinoVac 85.6%. Prevention of death, Pfizer-BioNTech 50.1%
after 1
st
dose, SinoVac 86.8%, Covishield 67.76%, Covaxin 100% after 2
nd
dose. The results show
all vaccines has a high level of safety aspect, only causing mild AEs. In conclusion, all vaccines are
reported had efficacy on prevention of infection> 50%, prevention on hospitalization
37%~43%(1
st
dose), 85%~94%(2
nd
dose), prevention on death 67.76%~100% (2
nd
dose), all vaccine
only causing mild AEs with rare serious AEs and none related death reported.