2018 JRNL PP W. Paul Segars - 1.pdf
Terbatas  Irwan Sofiyan
» Gedung UPT Perpustakaan
Terbatas  Irwan Sofiyan
» Gedung UPT Perpustakaan
The four-dimensional (4-D) eXtended CArdiac-
Torso (XCAT) series of phantoms was developed to provide
accurate computerized models of the human anatomy and
physiology. The XCAT series encompasses a vast population
of phantoms of varying ages from newborn to adult,
each including parameterized models for the cardiac and
respiratory motions. With great flexibility in the XCAT’s
design, any number of body sizes, different anatomies,
cardiac or respiratorymotions or patterns, patient positions
and orientations, and spatial resolutions can be simulated.
As such, the XCAT phantoms are gaining a wide use in
biomedical imaging research. There they can provide a virtual
patient base from which to quantitatively evaluate and
improve imaging instrumentation, data acquisition, techniques,
and image reconstruction and processingmethods
which can lead to improvedimage quality andmore accurate
clinical diagnoses. The phantoms have also found great
use in radiation dosimetry, radiation therapy,medical device
design, and even the security and defense industry. This
review paper highlights some specific areas in which the
XCAT phantoms have found use within biomedical imaging
and other fields. From these examples, we illustrate the
increasingly important role that computerized phantoms
and computer simulation are playing in the research community.