Perpustakaan Digital ITB

The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in Wuhan, China and spread around the world. Genomic analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is phylogenetically related to severeacute respiratory syndrome-like (SARS-like) bat viruses, therefore bats could be the possible primaryreservoir. The intermediate source of origin and transfer to humans is not known, however, the rapidhuman to human transfer has been confirmed widely. There is no clinically approved antiviral drug orvaccine available to be used against COVID-19. However, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have beenevaluated against COVID-19 in clinical trials, resulted in clinical recovery. In the current review, we summarizeand comparatively analyze the emergence and pathogenicity of COVID-19 infection and previoushuman coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratorysyndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). We also discuss the approaches for developing effective vaccinesand therapeutic combinations to cope with this viral outbreak.