Perpustakaan Digital ITB

A natural hazard cannot be avoided and can happen in every part of the world. Combining with the vulnerability of the area, this hazard can turn into a disaster which causes great losses and damages. To reducing these impacts, a disaster management is needed. This process can be very complicated due to the complexity of the cases. One of the most complex cases in disaster management is Indonesia, which experienced one of the most recent catastrophic natural disasters in world: the Aceh tsunami. To reach the objective of the research, which is to define what natural disaster management strategy can be applied for Indonesia coastal area - specifically in the case of Aceh tsunami - based on theory and practice, a literature review is conducted. The literature review functions to picture the shifts in disaster management, both in theoretical perspective and also in the Aceh provincial spatial plan (practical perspective). Moreover, it will explore basic strategies in disaster management which with another results of the literature review are used to gather experts’ opinion on disaster management strategy for Aceh by using Delphi Method. For the disaster management strategy, this research is adopting Oosterberg et al. disaster management strategy and adjusting it to tsunami disaster management. The strategies becomes keep tsunami away from urban area (for tsunami hazard reduction), prepare urban areas for tsunami (for tsunami vulnerability reduction), and keep urban areas away from tsunami (for tsunami exposure reduction). Theoretically, the disaster management shifts from response management towards risk management which emphasis on vulnerability reduction. This management asked for more pro-active measures by implementing multidisciplinary approach and involving partnerships in the institutional framework. It also requires community participation on the planning process and continuous communication with communities. Connecting this shift with the disaster management strategy, ‘prepare urban area for tsunami’ is the most ideal strategy in the disaster management. This strategy even promoted through Hyogo Framework which focusing on reducing vulnerability and increasing resilience. ii Practically, after the tsunami on December 24, 2004 there is a major change in the disaster management in Indonesia which also influences the Aceh spatial plan draft: the disaster management becomes one of the focuses in the spatial plan. Before, the disaster management was ignored and did not mentioned at all in the spatial plan. ‘Prepare urban area for tsunami’ strategy is adopted to reduce the vulnerability of the area. The implementation of this strategy also combines with ‘keep tsunami away from urban area’ strategy. Sea walls are built and coastal vegetations (mangrove, coral reef, and sea grass) are planted or rehabilitated so that they can function as coastal green belt. Based on the strategies identified in the literature review (theoretical and practical), a Delphi questionnaire is sent to some experts related to the disaster management in Aceh. The Delphi survey finds that most of the respondents choose ‘prepare urban area for tsunami’ strategy as the most suitable strategy to be applied in Aceh. This result is in line with the findings on theoretical and empirical review as explained before. Moreover, this strategy is also already applied in Aceh now even though the result is still not satisfying most of the experts. As conclusion, the natural disaster management strategy that can be applied for Indonesia coastal area - specifically in the case of Aceh tsunami - based on theory and practice is ‘prepare urban area for tsunami’. However, the ‘prepare urban area for tsunami’ strategy cannot be implemented alone without the help of the other two strategies. These three strategies must be combined to reach maximum goals, both for short and long term. This research also recommends four things to be considered in implementing the disaster management in Aceh and guidelines for the future research. First, using the big influence of Islamic value in Aceh for the information spreading and planning process. Second, increasing public involvement in the arrangement of disaster management. Third, reminding the Acehnese to their local value and wisdom. The last, for future research, a broader scope of research by involving some lesson-learned from other countries in the literature review is suggested.