2019_EJRNL_PP_SHARON_P_NAPPIER_1.pdf
Terbatas Lili Sawaludin Mulyadi
» ITB
Terbatas Lili Sawaludin Mulyadi
» ITB
Coliphage have been proposed as indicators of fecal contamination in recreational waters because they
better reflect the persistence of pathogenic viruses in the environment and through wastewater treatment than traditional fecal indicator bacteria. Herein, we conducted a systematic literature search of
peer-reviewed publications to identify coliphage density data (somatic and male-specific, or MSC) in raw
wastewater and ambient waters. The literature review inclusion criteria included scope, study quality,
and data availability. A non-parametric two-stage bootstrap analysis was used to estimate the coliphage
distributions in raw wastewater and account for geographic region and season. Additionally, two statistical methodologies were explored for developing coliphage density distributions in ambient waters,
to account for the nondetects in the datasets. In raw wastewater, the analysis resulted in seasonal density
distributions of somatic coliphage (SC) (mean 6.5 log10 plaque forming units (PFU)/L; 95% confidence
interval (CI): 6.2e6.8) and MSC (mean 5.9 log10 PFU/L; 95% CI: 5.5e6.1). In ambient waters, 49% of MSC
samples were nondetects, compared with less than 5% for SC. Overall distributional estimates of ambient
densities of coliphage were statistically higher for SC than for MSC (mean 3.4 and 1.0 log10 PFU/L,
respectively). Distributions of coliphage in raw wastewater and ambient water will be useful for future
microbial risk assessments.