22 Chapter III Research Methodology 3.1. Research Design This research uses a qualitative method that employs a variety of data collection techniques and analytical procedures. Qualitative research design focuses on the exploration and understanding of the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem. This involves collecting data in a natural setting using methods such as interviews, observations, and open-ended surveys where the researcher plays a key role in interpreting the data (Creswell & Poth, 2018). The design is flexible, allowing for the discovery of patterns and themes, rather than testing hypotheses. This approach emphasizes the context, depth and subjective experience of the participants, which often results in rich narrative descriptions and provides insight into complex issues. The qualitative method is a research approach that aims to comprehend phenomena by gathering and analyzing data. This approach emphasizes the depth and diverse complexity of data, with a specific focus on how individuals comprehend their experiences and the social environments (Patton 2020). The qualitative method is particularly valuable for investigating new or complicated study subjects with limited existing knowledge. It enables the development of theories based on actual observations. This research design in this reserach is shown on Figure 3.1. 23 Figure 3.1 Research Design Source : Author Analysis 3.2 Data Collection Method A qualitative research design is a methodological approach that aims to examine and comprehend the depth of human experiences, behaviors, and social phenomena. It utilizes data collection methods such as in-depth interviews, participant observation, and open-ended questionnaires to gather comprehensive, detailed, and non-numerical data (Creswell & Creswell, 2018). The interview method in research is a qualitative data collection technique that involves engaging participants in a 24 conversation to gather detailed information about their experiences, perspectives, or behaviors. Interviews can be structured, semi-structured, or unstructured, depending on the research objectives. This method allows for deep exploration of complex topics, providing the researcher with the flexibility to probe for more information or clarify responses (Saunders, 2020). In this research, the author use in-depth interview and survey methods to collect data and gather insights. To obtain primary data, the author conduct in-depth interviews with several stakeholders or professionals in the road transportation industry. Interviews and questionnaires involve internal participants from the management of TRAC Astra and external participants to get insight from the participants. 3.2.1 In-Depth Interview According to Ravitch and Carl (2021), In depth interview is a qualitative research method where a researcher engages in a one-on-one conversation with a participant to explore their detailed perspectives, experiences, and feelings about a particular topic. The objective of this research interview is to identify the key driving forces and critical uncertainties in the road transportation industry. In preparation for this in-depth interview, the author conduct the following process: Figure 3.2 Interview Process Source : Author analysis 25 a. Construct the questions The objective of the question is to gather a wide range of perspectives and viewpoints from many stakeholders both within and outside the Author's organization. Diversity can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of circumstances by including several perspectives and potential results. Furthermore, the objective is to determine the key factors and uncertainties that may have a substantial influence on the road transportation industry in the future. Table 3.1 List of Initial Questions Number Topics Questions Q1 Profile Profile (Age, Academic Background, Working Experiences) Q2 General What do you think regarding the current Road Transport Industry in Jakarta. Q3 General What factors are will be affected the road transportation industry in Jakarta in the next 5 years. Q4 General What are the driving forces that should be a concern for car rental business refer to the conditions of road transport industry. Q5 Political How will changes in government policies related to road transportation affect the car rental business in Jakarta. What will be the potential impact on the car rental business and how to overcome the uncertainties. Q6 Economy How the economic conditions in Indonesia and the global economy will affect consumers' demand for car rental services. What will be the potential impact on the car rental business and how to overcome the uncertainties. Q7 Socio- Cultural How can changes in consumer preferences for private vehicles vs public transportation affect the demand for car rental services. What will be the potential impact on the car rental business and how to overcome the uncertainties. Q8 Technology Can the rental car business in Jakarta be disrupted by ride-hailing services that are rapidly advancing in technology. What will be the potential impact on the industry and how to overcome the uncertainties. 26 Q9 Environment How will changing regulations and increasing environmental awareness affect the car rental business, particularly in terms of demand for eco-friendly vehicles. What will be the potential impact on the car rental business and how to overcome the uncertainties. Q10 Legal What the legal challenges might arise in the car rental business. What will be the potential impact on the car rental business and how to overcome the uncertainties.