18 Chapter II Research Literature Review II.1 Method of Literature Review The amount of research on the definition of hospital supply chain management still appears to be very disjointed from the standpoint of supply chain management. The definition, approach, and scope of supply chain management in hospitals are frequently controversial, despite the fact that numerous studies have acknowledged the significance of implementing supply chain management practices. Hospital supply chains are often confused or similar to the definition of healthcare supply chain management. Research often uses the term healthcare even though it means hospital (Dixit et al., 2019). The hospital supply chain in this study focused on the hospital as the main unit of analysis. Table II.1 shows the definition of hospital supply chain, specifically definition hospital supply chain management for this research. Table II.1 Definition of Healthcare SCM and Hospital SCM Author (year) Definition of Healthcare SCM Definition of Hospital SCM Vries et al. (2011) “Process coordination and integration, Information flows are integrated and coordinated, combining and coordinating the planning procedures, combining procedures inside and between organizations, Market- development integration, market- approach integration.” - Aslan et al. (2012) - “Hospital supply chain management is the movement of medications and/or medical equipment, financial transactions, and information from suppliers to hospital warehouses, pharmacies, 19 Table II.1 Definition of Healthcare SCM and Hospital SCM Author (year) Definition of Healthcare SCM Definition of Hospital SCM and patients (within hospital limits).” Romero et. al (2013) Healthcare SCM includes hospital SCM and pharmaceutical SCM. Hospital SCM is in healthcare SCM when the main unit analysis is hospital. Landry et al. (2013) When the internal and external hospital supply chains are combined, the healthcare supply chain is created. In the meantime, hospital SCM refers to the hospital's internal supply chain. Zhu et al. (2014); Beaulieu et al. (2001); Coustasse, et al. (2013) - The four main components of the hospital supply chain are patient safety, care service cost, care service quality, and patient access to care services. Pinna et al. (2014) Healthcare SCM has four primary actors: 1) manufacturers (pharmaceutical firms); 2) buyers (wholesaler and dealer); 3) suppliers (pharmacies and healthcare organizations); and 4) patients.