vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ ii ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................................ iii APPROVAL PAGE ................................................................................................................. iv FOREWORD .......................................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ vi LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................viii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem Statement....................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Research Objectives ...................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Research Questions ...................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Research Limitation ...................................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................... 5 2.1 Contrasting Impacts of FDI on Gender Wage Gap in Developed and Developing Countries…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5 2.1.1 FDI and Gender Wage Gap in Developed Countries ............................................. 5 2.2 Asian Developing Countries and ASEAN Sub-Region ............................................ 6 2.3 The Role of Paid Maternity Leave in Moderating FDI’s Impact on Gender Wage Disparities .............................................................................................................. 8 2.3.1 Benefits of Paid Maternity Leave .......................................................................... 8 2.3.2 Challenges Faced by Women in Foreign-Owned Firms ......................................... 8 2.3.3 Economic and Policy Implications ......................................................................... 8 2.4 Hypothesis .................................................................................................................. 10 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................... 11 3.1 Research Methodology ............................................................................................... 11 3.2 Data Measurement Variables & Sources..................................................................... 11 3.3 Technique for Statistical Analysis ............................................................................... 12 3.4 Regression Equations ................................................................................................. 13 3.4.1 Base Model ............................................................................................. 13 3.4.2 Interaction Model .................................................................................. 14 CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS....................................................................................... 15 4.1 Descriptive Statistics .................................................................................................. 15 4.2. Correlation Matrix ..................................................................................................... 16 vii 4.3. Multicollinearity Test ................................................................................................ 17 4.4. Autocorrelation & Heteroskedasticity Test .............................................................. 17 4.5. Empirical Findings ..................................................................................................... 18 4.5.1 Base Model ....................................................................................................... 18 4.5.2 Interaction Model ............................................................................................. 20 4.5.2.1 Asian Developing Countries ............................................................................. 20 4.5.2.2 The ASEAN Region ............................................................................................ 21 CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................... 24 5.1 Conclusion................................................................................................................... 24 5.2 Policy Implications ...................................................................................................... 25 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 27 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2. 1 Conceptual Model .................................................................................... 10 LIST OF TABLES Table 3. 1 Data Measurement Variables Explanation ................................................ 12 Table 3. 2 Hausman (1978) Specification Test .......................................................... 13 Table 4. 1 Descriptive Statistics.................................................................................. 15 Table 4. 2 FDI Detail Descriptive Statistics ............................................................... 16 Table 4. 3 Ln(FDI) Descriptive Statistics .................................................................. 16 Table 4. 4 Pairwise Correlation .................................................................................. 17 Table 4. 5 Variance Inflation Factor .......................................................................... 17 Table 4. 6 Wooldridge Test for Autocorrelation in Panel Data ................................. 18 Table 4. 7 Modified Wald Test for Groupwise Heteroskedasticity in Fixed Effect Regression Model ...................................................................................................... 18.