37 Chapter III Methodology III.1 Data Collection This study utilizes two principal sources for data collection: primary data and secondary data. The integration of these two data kinds yields a more comprehensive and valid outcome. Each data-gathering method is methodically organized and executed in alignment with specified operational standards to guarantee the accuracy and consistency of the results acquired. Figure III.1 Data Collection 38 III.1.1. Primary Data Primary data refers to data that is collected directly from first-hand sources through observation or direct interaction with the research object. In this study, primary data is gathered through several methods, including: Table III.1 Qualitative data collection methods Stakeholder Interview FGD Mine Develepment  - Operation Manager   Mine Plan   Data Processing   Mine Survey Team   Hauler Operator  - The table presented (Table III-1) illustrates the data collection methods applied to various stakeholders in a project or research, covering six stakeholders: Mine Development Division Head, Operation Manager, Mine Plan Manager, Data Processing Team, Mine Survey Team, and Hauler Operator. Each stakeholder used a combination of interviews, and Focused Group Discussion (FGD) methods to collect data. For example, the Mine Development Division Head used only interviews, reflecting the need for in-depth discussions related to strategic decisions. Meanwhile, the Operation Manager, Mine Plan Manager, Data Processing Team, and Mine Survey Team utilized all methods, indicating the importance of diverse inputs to support informed and comprehensive decision-making. In relation to coal tonnage estimation, the Head of Mine Development Division is responsible for overseeing strategic planning and development projects. The Operations Manager helps ensure the efficiency of mining operations. The Mine Plan Manager is responsible for mine planning and design. The data processing team is responsible for managing data on the number of trucks obtained from the field and preparing daily production reports. The mine survey team is responsible for collecting topographic 39 survey data and calculating material volumes based on measurement results. The hauling operator participates in coal transportation activities from the Pit to the ROM stockpile. 1. Interviews (semi structured) were conducted with stakeholders, including Mine Development Division Head, Operational Manager, Mine Plan Manager, Hauler Operator, Data Processing, and Survey team to gather qualitative data. The interviews purpose to verifying and exploring the operational procedures and obstacles encountered in the production estimation process. The list of interview questions is as shown in the following table. Table III.2 List of interview questions No Question Stakeholder 1 How important is coal tonnage estimates data for management (Mine Development Division Head, Operational Manager, Mine Plan Manager) in supporting operational planning, and strategic decision-making. Mine Development Division Head, Operation Manager, Mine Plan Manager 2 How does this data deviation affect the decision. Mine Development Division Head, Operation Manager, Mine Plan Manager 3 How important is coal tonnage estimates data for management (Mine Development Division Head, Operational Manager, Mine Plan Manager) in supporting operational planning, and strategic decision-making. Mine Development Division Head, Operation Manager, Mine Plan Manager 4 How does this data deviation affect the decision. Hauler Operator 5 How do you record the trips and the volume of coal transported. Hauler Operator 6 Are there any obstacles that often occur when recording in the field. Hauler Operator 7 How is communication between operators and supervisors regarding coal transportation data. Hauler Operator 40 No Question Stakeholder 8 How often do errors occur in record- keeping and what are the main causes. Hauler Operator 9 Is there a procedure (PPO) that regulates the process for determining the load capacity of each unit of coal transportation equipment (PPO picking test on coal haulers). Hauler Operator 10 When is the picking test carried out on coal conveying equipment. Is it scheduled periodically. Hauler Operator 11 What are the stages of the picking test on coal conveying equipment. Hauler Operator 12 Is there a posture (PPO) that regulates the procedures for supervising, recording and reporting the amount of coal transported. Hauler Operator 13 How is the system for monitoring and recording the number of coal transportation carried out in the field. Hauler Operator 14 Are there any obstacles in the process of monitoring and recording the amount of coal transported. Hauler Operator 15 What is the data reporting system from the operator of the transport equipment to the supervisor. Hauler Operator 16 Are there any external factors (weather, road conditions, etc.) that affect the accuracy of recording. Hauler Operator 17 Is there a standard (PPO) governing the procedures for conducting topographic surveys and calculating coal volume and tonnage. Surveyor 18 How is the procedure for measuring coal volume performed. Surveyor 19 Are there any technical factors that often cause differences between survey results and truck count estimates. Surveyor 20 How do you ensure the accuracy of the measurement data taken. Surveyor 21 Is there a procedure for validating data after measurements have been taken. Surveyor 41 No Question Stakeholder 22 How does the measurement method used compare with other methods. Surveyor 23 Is there a policy (PPO) that governs the procedures for data collection, validation, processing, and reporting. Data Processing 24 How is coal tonnage estimates data collected, processed, and reported. Data Processing 25 Is there a data validation system that ensures data accuracy before use. Data Processing 26 How do you handle inconsistent or inappropriate data. Data Processing 27 Have you ever encountered any technical or system issues that could cause data deviations. Data Processing 28 What is your procedure for evaluating data errors. Data Processing 2. Focused Group Discussion (FGD) entails assembling a group of stakeholders to deliberate on certain subjects pertinent to coal tonnage estimation.