92 Chapter V Conclusion V.1 Conclusion The aim of this study is to assess and identify risk factors within the context of import dependency on raw material medicine in the pharmaceutical supply chain in Indonesia. This process involves developing a comprehensive list of factors and sub-factors based on expert opinions using the Delphi and AHP methods. Apart from the AHP analysis, a system-thinking-based analysis was also conducted to map the interrelationships at the sub-factor level using a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD). This interrelationship mapping enables the formulation of more effective strategic directions aligned with the factor and sub-factor priority. RQ1: What are the risk factors in the supply chain within the context of dependency on the import supply of pharmaceutical raw materials in Indonesia. This study identifies five main risk factors: organization, supply, demand, regulation, and financial. Using a combination of literature reviews, the Delphi method, and AHP analysis, a total of 20 sub-factors were determined as influential to Indonesia's pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) dependency on imported raw materials. RQ2: How can the identified risks be modeled to determine their priority. The result of the AHP analysis provides a framework for prioritizing risk factors and sub-factors. Among these, the most critical sub-factors are Market Demand of Local Raw Materials (0.162), Ministry of Industry Policy (TKDN) (0.122), and BPOM Policy (0.097), emphasizing the importance of demand and regulatory factors in shaping the dependency landscape. RQ3: What are the interrelationships among these risk factors. The study employs a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) to map the interrelationships between sub-factors, identifying seven key loops that explain the dynamic interactions. The Market Demand of Local Raw Materials emerges as a pivotal driver connected to other sub-factors such as Market Stimulation, Total Market of Koleksi digital milik UPT Perpustakaan ITB untuk keperluan pendidikan dan penelitian 93 RM Medicine, Import of RM Medicine, Quality of Local RM Medicine, and Price Stability. These interrelations highlight how various factors influence and reinforce one another, revealing the systemic complexity of addressing import dependency in Indonesia’s pharmaceutical sector. V.2 Implications This study enhances PSCs risk management by prioritizing factors related to import dependency in Indonesia, bridging gaps in existing literature for developing economies. By integrating AHP with system thinking, it identifies interconnected risks, offering a foundation for tailored, holistic policies to reduce import reliance, foster local industry, and build sustainable supply chains. This approach ensures strategies address both priority risks and their broader interrelations, enabling policymakers and stakeholders to strengthen PSCs resilience effectively. Furthermore, the research also offers practical implications for reducing pharmaceutical import dependency. Managers should prioritize stabilizing market demand for local raw materials through incentives, procurement guarantees, and integration into national healthcare systems like JKN. Policymakers may also advocate for quota-based import restrictions and tighten TKDN to promote local production.