30 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY In this chapter, there will be a complete explanation about the methods used in this research related to the research objectives and research questions. A systematic approach is constructed as several major stages, in order to accomplish the expected result. There will be a comprehensive explanation for every stage and step in this chapter. Figure III-1 Research Methodology Preliminary study Observation Problem formulation Formulating research objectives Constructing research framework Study literature Preliminary interview Data collection Analysis and evaluation of existing system Selecting suitable method for existing system Constructing purposed scenario Building the model for proposed scenario Simulation running and documenting result Analyzing result Conclusion and recommendation Preparation Stage Study Design Stage Koleksi digital milik UPT Perpustakaan ITB untuk keperluan pendidikan dan penelitian 31 The methodology used in this research is started with preparation stage that consists of five steps. The second stage is study design. In study design there are three steps required in order to be able to identify the existing condition of the system. The next steps are when the research got in to the core. The existing condition then be analyzed and evaluated in order to find the suitable methods for solving the problems. A proposed scenario is drawn then tested in simulation program to see the result. Equation for every stock flow that is applied in the simulation program is formulated based on the literature reviews. After the simulation completed, then the results are being analyzed before the conclusion inferred and the recommendation is constructed. III.1 Preparation Stage The first stage on the research is the preparation stage. In this stage, there are five steps that need to be taken, they are preliminary study, observation, problem formulation, formulating research objectives, and constructing research framework. This stage is required in order to make researcher able to have a broad view regarding the interest of the study field and the research paradigm, also what kind of issue that the researcher would observe as the further research study. In this research, the preparation stage mostly done by constructing mind map for all research and studies that are related to the focus of the research. Studies about waste management, plastic recycling, plastic waste reducing, and also waste management in Indonesia or Bandung are analyzed and digested. III.1.1 Preliminary Study Preliminary study is conducted by study literature, in order to find the research interest and gap that still exist. The research gap can be the great opportunity for researchers as where to start their research. In this research, preliminary study that has been conducted can be seen mostly in chapter 2, and so does the research gap Koleksi digital milik UPT Perpustakaan ITB untuk keperluan pendidikan dan penelitian 32 that has been identified previously. All preliminary studies from this research are conducted through literature review, such as journals, articles, published papers, or books.