x ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................... iii APPROVAL .................... .................................................................................. iv THE GUIDANCE FOR USING THE DISSERTATION .................................. v DEDICATION PAGE ........................................................................................ vi FOREWORD ..................................................................................................... viii TABLE OF CONTENT ......................................................................................... ix TABLE OF FIGURES ......................................................................................... xiv TABLE OF TABLE ........................................................................................... xviii Chapter I Introduction........................................................................................... 1 I.1 Background ..................................................................................... 1 I.2 Problem Definition .......................................................................... 9 I.3 Research Objectives ...................................................................... 10 I.4 Research Question ......................................................................... 11 I.5 Key Assumption and Research Limitation .................................... 11 1.6 Novelty and Originality ................................................................ 11 I.7. Writing Structure .......................................................................... 13 Chapter II Literature Review ............................................................................... 14 II.1. Underlying Theories ................................................................... 14 II.1.1 Theory of Supply Chain Management ............................ 14 II.1.2 Theory of Sustainability .................................................. 22 II.1.2.1 Supply Chain Sustainability ............................. 24 II.1.2.2 Responsible Supply Chain Management .......... 24 II.1.3 Theory of Collaboration .................................................. 27 II.2. Institutional Context .................................................................... 30 II.3 Research State of the Art ............................................................. 33 II.3.1 Steps in Literature Review Process ................................. 33 II.3.2 Past Studies on Sustainability Supply Chain ................... 44 II.3.3 Past Studies on Aligning Responsible Actions in Supply Chain Process ............................................................................ 45 II.3.4 Past studies on Collaboration in Agriculture Supply Chain 49 II.3.6 Past Studies on research method in Responsible Supply Chain research ........................................................................... 51 II.3.7 Findings and Gap Analysis .............................................. 52 II.4 Proposed Research ....................................................................... 55 II.5 Proposition and Hypotheses Development .................................. 57 II.6 Chapter Summary ........................................................................ 64 Chapter III Research Methodology ....................................................................... 66 III.1 Introduction ............................................................................... 66 xi III.2 Research Philosophies .............................................................. 67 III.3 Data and Research Methods ....................................................... 68 III.3.1 Research Strategies ........................................................ 68 III.3.2 Research Choices .......................................................... 70 III.3.2.1 Qualitative Methods ........................................ 71 III.3.2.2 Quantitative Methods ...................................... 75 III.3.3 Research Models ........................................................... 80 III.3.4 Intervention variables .................................................... 85 III.3.5 Time Horizons ............................................................... 89 III.3.6 Reliability and Validity Tests ........................................ 89 III.3.6.1 Reliability and Validity Test for Qualitative Study .............................................................................