82 Chapter IV. Qualitative Research Findings The fourth chapter discusses qualitative research activities that employ action research. From January 2021 to March 2022, action research was conducted at Bumdes Mitra Cibogo Sejahtera, Cibogo Village, Cisauk District, Tangerang Regency, Banten Province. This location was chosen following the sample criteria outlined in the research methodology and the fact that a pandemic that has made access to several areas difficult due to widespread social restrictions is still ongoing. After obtaining research frameworks from the literature review, Chapter IV's systematics start with presenting the initial in-depth interview findings. This preliminary in-depth interview is one method for validating research framework findings and serves as a preliminary provision before engaging in action research activities. The results of the in-depth interviews will be used to modify the initial research framework model and generate a list of variables that determine Bumdes's performance. Implementing action research as Bumdes Director's advisor at Bumdes Mitra Cibogo Sejahtera (Bumdes MCS) is the next step in Chapter IV. The implementation of action research in this dissertation employs the soft-system methodology approach to enhance comprehension of the operationalization of Bumdes and provide benefits for the growth of Bumdes' MCS performance. After Chapter IV, the action research findings will be summarized and theorized to confirm the qualitative research findings. Determine Aspect from Literature Review Identification of aspect through a literature review was carried out to see previous studies related to Bumdes resilience. In chapter 2, this systematic literature review process resulted in a proposed research model that became the initial guideline for this research as indicated in figure II.7 (proposed research framework). The literature review results indicate that at least eight factors contribute to village capital management. These aspects have been described in section 3 (Research Methodology): market and financial access, regional government policy, knowledge transfer from universities and other organizations, social networks of rural communities, the 83 performance of local rural businesses, physical infrastructure, and village head stewardship. These eight factors contribute to the village's economic, social, human, and natural capital, allowing the Bumdes to encourage their performance and realize social and economic contributions. In addition, the aspects that arose from this literature review will be evident in the initial interview study conducted to identify the field situation. Determine Aspects from In-Depth Interview However, due to the pandemic, the data collection process was carried out with various techniques, ranging from data telephony, telephone with pulses, online meeting platforms (Zoom and Google Meet), and physical visits with the application of strict health protocols. All preliminary data collection activities follow research ethics; we have obtained permission to use them for academic purposes. This initial validation process was also strengthened by making observations on webinars organized by related parties related to the dissertation topic, including from the Ministry of Villages and universities, discussing the performance of Bumdes. In this initial validation process, interviews, observation, and group discussions were carried out with 24 people. The details included: • 20 interviews. • One-on-one interviews. • A discussion forum. • One group discussion involving four people. In detail, the parties interviewed included the village head, Bumdes management (directors and staff), academics, non-governmental organizations, local governments, central government, and village residents. Researchers also regularly participate in webinars organized by the Ministry of Village for Bumdes to obtain the latest insights on policies for Bumdes. In more detail, the list of sources is presented in Table 1. 84 Table IV- 1 List of Informants in Preliminary Study No Code Informant Type Name of Informant Position Relationship with Bumdes 1 01-01 Village Government H. Agus Murad, SQ Head of Cisantana Village, Kecamatan Cigugur, Kuningan Bumdes Cisantana was one of productive Bumdes in West Java in 2019 2 01-02 Village Government Oban Sobandi Head of Economic and Village Development in Pulosari, Kalapanunggal, Sukabumi Founder of Bumdes Muktisari - Pulosari, Kalapanunggal, Sukabumi 3 01-03 Village Government Dirja Head of Pulosari Village, Kalapanunggal, Sukabumi Bumdes Muktisari in Pulosari Village was one of productive Bumdes in West Java in 2019 4 02-01 Bumdes Management Agus Susanto Director of Bumdes Cisantana, Kecamatan Cigugur, Kuningan Best Bumdes Director in West Java in 2019 5 02-02 Bumdes Management Hikmah Anugerah Director of Bumdes Muktisari - Pulosari, Kalapanunggal, Sukabumi Bumdes Muktisari in Pulosari Village was one of productive Bumdes in West Java in 2019 6 02-03 Bumdes Management Dayat Treasury of Bumdes Muktisari - Pulosari, Kalapanunggal, Sukabumi Bumdes Muktisari in Pulosari Village was one of productive Bumdes in West Java in 2019 7 02-04 Bumdes Management Eko Pambudi Director of Bumdes Panggung Lestari, Panggungharjo, Yogyakarta Best National Bumdes Director in 2018 8 02-05 Bumdes Management Ajum Director of Bumdes Pagedangan Tangerang Bumdes that located in urban area of BSD City 9 02-06 Bumdes Management Asbym Director of Bumdes Sukatani, Cianjur Bumdes who can be contacted through online during pandemic 10 05-01 Regional Government Dedi Sopandi Head of DPMD of West Java Province DPMD managed Bumdes organization in regional government level 11 05-02 Regional Government Dede Mahmiluddin Sub-Head of BPSDM of West Java Province BPSDM is responsible for improving the soft-skills and capacity of village government 12 06-01 Central Government Anwar Sanusi Secretary General of Kemendesa Managing national policy for Village Development 13 07-01 Academician Matahari Faransahat Director of Creative Hub - Fisipol UGM Creative Hub has the vision the support Bumdes as part of social entrepreneurship activity 85 No Code Informant Type Name of Informant Position Relationship with Bumdes 14 07-02 Academician Atie Rachmiatie Head of LPPM Universitas Islam Bandung LPPM Unisba launched Sekolah Desa 15 07-03 Academician April Novita, Dwi Lestari, Faizal Ahmad, Yogie Permana Staff of LPPM Universitas Prasetiya Mulya Kampus Merdeka Policy for Village Internship 16 07-04 Academician Danang Yudha Prakasa Head of PPUK in SBE Universitas Prasetiya Mulya Kampus Merdeka Policy for Village Internship 17 07-05 Academician Prof Agus W. Soehadi, PhD Vice Rector for Academic Affairs Universitas Prasetiya Mulya Kampus Merdeka Policy for Village Internship 18 07-06 Academician Taufik Raharjo Lecturer of Politeknik Keuangan Negara - STAN Active in assisting Bumdes development 19 07-07 Academician Yohanes B. Kadarusman, PhD Head of Quality Assurance SBE Universitas Prasetiya Mulya Kampus Merdeka Policy for Village Internship 20 07-08 Academician Fathony Rahman, DBA Dean of SBE Universitas Prasetiya Mulya Kampus Merdeka Policy for Village Internship 21 08-01 Private Organization Rudy Suryanto Secretary General of Forum Bumdes Indonesia National activist for Bumdes development Table IV.1 lists preliminary resource persons likely to be reached during a pandemic where large-scale social restrictions were imposed, making face-to-face physical interviews impossible. Some interviews were also conducted along with the research proposal design process, so the time variation started from February to November 2020. The search system is based on the initial plan to conduct preliminary findings where researchers want to see conditions that occur in Bumdes, which are categorized as successful, to identify the success factors of a Bumdes. Therefore, research provides a relationship with the Bumdes column, which shows several Bumdes have won awards from the government. The stopping point of the interview was conducted when the processed qualitative data showed a uniform pattern and did not add new information from the addition of resource persons. 86 Furthermore, the initial data collection activity aims to identify whether the research framework compiled by referring to a systematic literature review suits the conditions in the field. Therefore, the discussion on the suitability of the research framework and the results of the interviews will be presented following the research objectives, research questions, and research propositions of this dissertation. If things are not suitable, adjustments will be immediately adjusted so they can be prepared in more detail before starting the initial qualitative research with action research in one of the targeted Bumdes. The queries asked of each informant were tailored to the informant's level of knowledge but led to aspects of the Bumdes' performance in the village. According to the perspective of each informant, the aspects in question are those that foster or inhibit the performance of Bumdes in the village. The data collected from interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. This analysis begins with the transcription of the interview data, followed by data summarization and triangulation to validate the obtained data. The researcher then conducts a coding process to comprehend the available data, integrate connected data, identify key themes from existing patterns, and compile a thematic description of the integrated data. IV.2.1 Thematic Analysis of Preliminary Study from Interview According to the informants' opinions, the thematic analysis yielded results regarding aspects of Bumdes' performance. This analysis has been categorized and triangulated by comparing the responses of each informant regarding the same situation and topic. Aspects of Bumdes' performance consist of: • Village head support This support from the village head and village administration results from the village head's perception of Bumdes as a village organization. This perspective applies to the commitment of the village head to support Bumdes, the village head's understanding of the nature of Bumdes and the Rural Act, the village head's trust in Bumdes managers, how the village head will encourage village administration to collaborate with Bumdes, how the village will help socialize Bumdes to the community, how the village understands the division of tasks between the village 87 government and Bumdes, and how the village will help socialize Bumdes to the community. Several narrative extracts from the interview are presented in the sections below. Statement by Mr. Murad (code: 01-01): "The village chief is the initial decision- maker, serves as a consultant, and plays a role in times of conflict and ambiguity." Mr.