17 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design The design used for this research can be seen on picture above, this research will be focused on system dynamics approach for this research including constructing a causal loop diagram, transitioning to stock and flow diagram, variable specification and quantifying stock and flow diagram. After that researcher will run the simulation and will analyze the results, and the conclusion and recommendation will be conducted. Figure 3.1: Research Design 3.1.1 Problem Identification Identifying a problem is the first step towards developing a solution or contributing new knowledge. A well-defined problem sets the stage for the entire research process. Problem identification involves a systematic approach to identifying a knowledge gap or practical 18 challenge, framing it as a research question, and justifying its investigation based on its theoretical and practical implications. 3.1.2 Literature Review Literature review is a comprehensive and critical analysis of existing research on a specific topic or research question. It involves systematically identifying, selecting, evaluating, and synthesizing relevant scholarly articles, books, and other credible sources to provide an overview of current knowledge, identify research gaps, and establish a goof foundation for a research 3.1.3 Establishment of System Dynamics Model Figure 3.2: Workflow of System Dynamics (Teng et al., 2018) based on Alghifari, 2021 thesis Based on workflow of system dynamics can be seen in Figure 3.2, there are some steps to develop system dynamics model. Below are subsubsections that will explain how to develop system dynamics model. 3.1.3.1 Finding Influential Factors In creating a system dynamics model, many important factors that influence a research topic are needed to be used as simulation variables. There are many ways to find and validate these factors, such as reading previous studies. Extant academic literature serves as a treasure trove 19 of insights, meticulously documented by researchers who have previously delved into the subject matter. By critically appraising these prior investigations, one can glean valuable information regarding the factors identified as key drivers of the system’s behavior. This comprehensive review process not only aids in the initial identification of potential simulation variables but also offers a foundation for subsequent validation efforts. 3.1.3.2 Design Causal Diagram A causal loop diagram is a visual representation of a system's dynamics, illustrating how different variables within that system influence one another over time through interconnected relationships. It consists of nodes representing variables and arrows indicating the causal relationships between them, with signs (positive or negative) denoting the direction of influence. These diagrams are invaluable tools for understanding complex systems, identifying feedback loops, and exploring potential outcomes of interventions, as they provide a holistic perspective on how elements within a system interact and contribute to overall behavior. Causal-loop diagram often used in standard system dynamics practices for purposes connected with system modelling (Binder et al., 2004), and a good start for system modelling (Haraldsson and Sverdrup, 2005). After finding influential factors, researcher will connect each factor based on literature review to find out the cause and effect of one factor on another factor. Causal-loop diagram will help create stock and flow diagram (Binder et al., 2004), creating causal loop diagram first will make creating stock and flow diagram easier. 3.1.3.3 System Dynamics Model and Equation Construction After causal loop diagram (CLD) was generate, researcher will adapting that CLD into stock and flow diagram (SFD).