TK4093 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH II Semester II - 2023/2024 Title DEVELOPMENT OF ADSORBENT AND PROCESS PRODUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL VEGETABLE OIL Group C2.2223.I.10 Gamma Rafani Onggono 13019207 Muhammad Kanzu Arsy Affan 13020106 Supervisors Jenny Rizkiana, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING STUDY PROGRAMME FACULTY OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING BANDUNG INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY June 2024 ii C2.2223.I.10 VALIDITY SHEET TK4093 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH II Semester II2023/2024 DEVELOPMENT OF ADSORBENT AND PROCESS PRODUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL VEGETABLE OIL Group C2.2223.I.10 Gamma Rafani Onggono (13019207) Muhammad Kanzu Arsy Affan (13020106) Bandung, 19 June 2024 Approved by Advisors Jenny Rizkiana, ST., MT., Ph.D. Advisor Notes C2.2223.I.10 v TK4093 PENELITIAN TEKNIK KIMIA II Pengembangan Adsorben dan Proses Produksi Minyak Nabati Industri Kelompok C2.2223.I.10 Gamma Rafani Onggono (13019207) dan Muhammad Kanzu Arsy Affan (13020106) Pembimbing Jenny Rizkiana, ST., MT., Ph.D. ABSTRAK Kelapa sawit adalah salah satu komoditas penting Indonesia dan dunia yang digunakan di banyak industri, mulai dari makanan hingga kosmetik dan transportasi. Seiring meningkatnya permintaan produk minyak sawit, diperlukan cara-cara baru pengolahan minyak sawit. Menanggapi kekhawatiran yang berkembang ini, standar baru minyak sawit olahan, Industrial Palm Oil (IVO), atau Minyak Nabati Industrial, diperkenalkan. Secara tradisional, sebagian besar minyak sawit mentah (CPO) yang diproduksi diproses menjadi Refined Bleached Deodorised Palm Oil (RBDPO), produk yang halus, bening, dan tidak berbau, cocok dengan konsumen. Namun, sebagian besar beta-karoten dihilangkan dalam aplikasi ini karena selera konsumen; IVO tidak menghilangkan beta- karoten. Pembuangan beta-karoten berasal dari proses pemutihan yang menggunakan bleaching earth (BE) yang biasanya terbuat dari bentonit. BE mutakhir untuk BE saat ini adalah BE yang diaktifkan asam, di mana bentonit diaktifkan dengan perendaman dalam asam mineral dengan suhu tinggi dan tekanan rendah. Ini menghilangkan banyak beta- karoten. Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah untuk mengembangkan adsorben berbasis bentonit dengan aktivasi menggunakan zat pengaktif asam klorida dan kalium hidroksida. Kinerja adsorben akan dianalisis dengan mengukur sifat-sifat kunci tertentu dari IVO, seperti kandungan fosfor, besi, klorida, logam alkali, dan karoten, menggunakan XRF dan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Adsorben juga akan dianalisis menggunakan adsorpsi isoterm. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa bentonit KOH merupakan alternatif yang menjanjikan dibandingkan bentonit yang diaktifkan dengan asam. Meskipun performanya sebanding, bentonit KOH berhasil mempertahankan lebih banyak karoten dibandingkan bentonit HCl, dengan korelasi positif antara retensi karoten dan konsentrasi aktivasi. Kata kunci: Minyak nabati industri, CPO, bentonit, aktivasi basa, karoten vi C2.2223.I.10 TK4093 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH II Development of Adsorbent and Process Production of Industrial Vegetable Oil Group C2.2223.I.10 Gamma Rafani Onggono (13019207) and Muhammad Kanzu Arsy Affan (13020106) Advisor Jenny Rizkiana, ST., MT., Ph.D. ABSTRACT in many industries, from food to cosmetics and transportation. As the demand for palm oil products increase, new ways of processing palm oil are needed. In response to this growing concern, a new standard of processed palm oil, Industrial Palm Oil (IVO) was introduced. Traditionally, most CPO produced is processed into Refined Bleached Deodorised Palm Oil (RBDPO), a highly refined, clear, and odourless product fit for use in many consumer applications. However, much of the beta-carotene is removed in this application due to consumer tastes; IVO does not require the removal of beta-carotene. The removal of beta- carotene stems from the bleaching process, which uses bleaching earth (BE) typically made of bentonite. The state-of-the-art for BE today is acid-activated BE, where bentonite is activated by immersion in mineral acid under high temperatures and low pressure. This removes a lot of the beta-carotene. This paper aims to develop a bentonite-based adsorbent by activation using an activating agent, namely hydrochloric acid, and potassium hydroxide. The performance of the adsorbent will be analysed by measuring certain key properties of the IVO, such as phosphorus, iron, chloride and alkali metal content, using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, atom absorption spectrophotometry and ion exchange chromatography techniques. The adsorbent properties will also be analysed using isotherm adsorption. Results show KOH-activated bentonite as a promising alternative to acid-activated bentonite. While performance in other key areas is comparable, KOH-activated bentonite manages to retain more carotene than HCl-activated bentonite, while having a positive correlation between carotene retention and activation concentration. Keywords: Industrial vegetable oil, CPO, bentonite, alkaline activation, carotene.