‭Chapter 3 - Research Methodology‬ ‭3.1‬‭Research Design‬ ‭From‬‭its‬‭approach,‬‭this‬‭study‬‭is‬‭classified‬‭as‬‭descriptive‬‭qualitative‬‭research‬‭that‬ ‭merely‬‭describes‬‭and‬‭summarizes‬‭various‬‭conditions‬‭and‬‭situations‬‭over‬‭a‬‭specific‬ ‭period.‬‭This‬‭research‬‭aims‬‭to‬‭describe‬‭internal‬‭and‬‭external‬‭environmental‬‭factors‬ ‭without‬‭intending‬‭to‬‭make‬‭general‬‭conclusions.‬‭According‬‭to‬‭Sekaran‬‭(2009:‬‭158),‬ ‭descriptive‬‭research‬‭is‬‭conducted‬‭to‬‭understand‬‭and‬‭explain‬‭the‬‭characteristics‬‭of‬‭the‬ ‭researched‬‭variable‬‭in‬‭a‬‭situation.‬‭The‬‭purpose‬‭of‬‭descriptive‬‭research‬‭is‬‭to‬‭provide‬ ‭researchers‬‭with‬‭a‬‭history‬‭or‬‭to‬‭describe‬‭aspects‬‭relevant‬‭to‬‭the‬‭phenomenon‬‭under‬ ‭consideration‬‭from‬‭someone's,‬‭an‬‭organization's,‬‭an‬‭industry's‬‭orientation,‬‭or‬‭other‬ ‭perspectives.‬‭Sugiyono‬‭(2005:‬‭21)‬‭states‬‭that‬‭the‬‭descriptive‬‭method‬‭is‬‭used‬‭to‬ ‭describe‬‭or‬‭analyze‬‭research‬‭results‬‭but‬‭not‬‭to‬‭make‬‭broader‬‭conclusions.‬‭So,‬‭this‬ ‭research‬‭is‬‭meant‬‭to‬‭provide‬‭an‬‭overview‬‭of‬‭a‬‭phenomenon‬‭relevant‬‭to‬‭the‬‭research‬ ‭objectives.‬‭The‬‭results‬‭are‬‭only‬‭conducted‬‭over‬‭a‬‭specific‬‭period,‬‭interpreting‬‭the‬‭data‬ ‭of the company PT. X at present and the apparent trends in the future.‬ ‭3.2‬‭Data Source‬ ‭The data sources utilized in this research can be bifurcated into two primary‬ ‭categories: primary data and secondary data.‬ ‭1.‬‭Primary Data‬ ‭According‬‭to‬‭Sekaran‬‭(2009:‬‭77),‬‭primary‬‭data‬‭refers‬‭to‬‭data‬‭collected‬‭directly‬ ‭from‬‭the‬‭actual‬‭site‬‭or‬‭context‬‭where‬‭an‬‭event‬‭or‬‭activity‬‭occurs.‬‭These‬‭data‬ ‭are‬‭first-hand‬‭and‬‭are‬‭not‬‭derived‬‭from‬‭pre-existing‬‭sources.‬‭Primary‬‭data‬‭can‬ ‭be‬‭obtained‬‭through‬‭various‬‭methods,‬‭including‬‭interviews,‬‭observations,‬‭and‬ ‭questionnaires.‬‭For‬‭this‬‭particular‬‭study,‬‭primary‬‭data‬‭were‬‭garnered‬‭from‬‭PT‬ ‭Maritim‬‭Maju,‬‭encompassing‬‭insights‬‭pertaining‬‭to‬‭both‬‭the‬‭internal‬‭and‬ ‭external business environments.‬ ‭2.‬‭Secondary Data‬ ‭Again‬‭referencing‬‭Sekaran‬‭(2009:‬‭77),‬‭secondary‬‭data‬‭is‬‭defined‬‭as‬ ‭pre-existing‬‭data‬‭that‬‭researchers‬‭do‬‭not‬‭need‬‭to‬‭collect‬‭themselves.‬‭It‬‭provides‬ ‭27‬ ‭an‬‭ancillary‬‭perspective,‬‭often‬‭offering‬‭a‬‭broader‬‭or‬‭historical‬‭context‬‭that‬‭can‬ ‭be‬‭crucial‬‭for‬‭comprehensive‬‭analysis.‬‭Sources‬‭of‬‭secondary‬‭data‬‭can‬‭vary‬ ‭widely and may include:‬ ‭a.‬ ‭Published‬‭or‬‭unpublished‬‭information‬‭originating‬‭from‬‭within‬‭the‬ ‭company‬‭or‬‭from‬‭external‬‭sources.‬‭This‬‭might‬‭encompass‬‭annual‬‭reports,‬ ‭strategic documents, or internal assessments.‬ ‭b.‬ ‭Data‬‭from‬‭previous‬‭research‬‭endeavors,‬‭encompassing‬‭earlier‬‭studies,‬‭case‬ ‭studies,‬‭and‬‭library‬‭documents.‬‭Such‬‭sources‬‭provide‬‭a‬‭historical‬‭or‬ ‭comparative‬‭backdrop,‬‭allowing‬‭researchers‬‭to‬‭discern‬‭trends,‬‭changes,‬‭or‬ ‭recurring themes over time.‬ ‭c.‬ ‭Online‬‭data,‬‭which‬‭can‬‭be‬‭retrieved‬‭from‬‭various‬‭websites,‬‭databases,‬‭and‬ ‭other‬‭internet‬‭sources.‬‭Given‬‭the‬‭digital‬‭age,‬‭such‬‭data‬‭can‬‭offer‬‭timely,‬ ‭diverse, and often expansive insights into a myriad of topics.‬ ‭d.‬ ‭Data‬‭is‬‭sourced‬‭from‬‭relevant‬‭governmental‬‭departments,‬‭including‬‭both‬ ‭provincial‬‭and‬‭city-level‬‭government‬‭agencies.‬‭This‬‭type‬‭of‬‭data‬‭is‬‭often‬ ‭authoritative,‬‭providing‬‭officially‬‭recognised‬‭statistics,‬‭trends,‬‭or‬‭findings‬ ‭that can add legitimacy and depth to the research.‬ ‭Together,‬‭the‬‭combination‬‭of‬‭primary‬‭and‬‭secondary‬‭data‬‭ensures‬‭a‬‭holistic‬ ‭approach‬‭to‬‭data‬‭collection,‬‭enabling‬‭researchers‬‭to‬‭benefit‬‭from‬‭both‬ ‭immediate, ground-level insights and broader contextual information.‬ ‭3.3‬‭Data Collection Method‬ ‭The‬‭data‬‭collection‬‭methods‬‭used‬‭in‬‭this‬‭research‬‭are‬‭inspired‬‭by‬‭Marzuki's‬‭(2000:‬‭12)‬ ‭categorization,‬‭which‬‭identifies‬‭three‬‭primary‬‭methods:‬‭census,‬‭sampling,‬‭and‬‭case‬ ‭study.‬‭For‬‭the‬‭purposes‬‭of‬‭this‬‭investigation,‬‭the‬‭case‬‭study‬‭approach‬‭has‬‭been‬ ‭selected.‬‭A‬‭case‬‭study‬‭involves‬‭the‬‭collection‬‭of‬‭data‬‭from‬‭several‬‭variables,‬‭each‬‭of‬ ‭which‬‭is‬‭then‬‭examined‬‭in‬‭detail‬‭to‬‭derive‬‭in-depth‬‭insights.‬‭Data‬‭collection‬ ‭techniques‬‭serve‬‭as‬‭systematic‬‭and‬‭standardized‬‭procedures‬‭to‬‭gather‬‭pertinent‬ ‭information.‬ ‭There are two main techniques that have been employed in this research:‬ ‭1.‬‭Literature Review‬ ‭28‬ ‭This‬‭involves‬‭gathering‬‭data‬‭through‬‭literature,‬‭academic‬‭papers,‬‭print‬‭media,‬ ‭seminars,‬‭and‬‭other‬‭relevant‬‭sources‬‭connected‬‭with‬‭the‬‭research‬‭topic.‬‭In‬‭this‬ ‭study,‬‭the‬‭literature‬‭review‬‭was‬‭primarily‬‭focused‬‭on‬‭family‬‭businesses,‬‭the‬ ‭maritime‬‭industry‬‭in‬‭Indonesia,‬‭and‬‭various‬‭management‬‭books.‬‭Quotations‬ ‭from‬‭various‬‭experts‬‭have‬‭been‬‭cited‬‭to‬‭provide‬‭a‬‭comprehensive‬ ‭understanding of the topic.‬ ‭2.‬‭Field Study‬ ‭This‬‭technique‬‭is‬‭hands-on‬‭and‬‭requires‬‭the‬‭researcher‬‭to‬‭directly‬‭engage‬‭with‬ ‭the‬‭field‬‭of‬‭study.‬‭The‬‭data‬‭collection‬‭under‬‭this‬‭method‬‭can‬‭be‬‭further‬‭broken‬ ‭down into:‬ ‭a.‬ ‭Interviews:‬‭This‬‭technique‬‭involves‬‭direct‬‭conversations‬‭or‬ ‭question-answer‬‭sessions‬‭with‬‭stakeholders‬‭related‬‭to‬‭the‬‭research‬ ‭problem.‬‭According‬‭to‬‭Sugiyono‬‭(2008:231),‬‭an‬‭interview‬‭is‬‭a‬‭mutual‬ ‭exchange‬‭of‬‭information‬‭and‬‭ideas‬‭through‬‭questions‬‭and‬‭answers‬‭to‬ ‭construct‬‭meaning‬‭on‬‭a‬‭specific‬‭topic.‬‭For‬‭this‬‭research,‬‭interviews‬‭were‬ ‭conducted‬‭with‬‭the‬‭board‬‭of‬‭directors,‬‭employees‬‭and‬‭external‬ ‭stakeholders‬‭like‬‭customers‬‭from‬‭three‬‭business‬‭units‬‭respectively‬‭and‬‭the‬ ‭regulatory‬‭body‬‭of‬‭PT‬‭Maritim‬‭Maju‬‭as‬‭described‬‭and‬‭elaborated‬‭their‬ ‭profile in Table 3.‬ ‭Table 3. Respondent Profile‬ ‭No‬‭Interview Responded‬‭Category‬ ‭1‬‭PD (President Director)‬ ‭Internal Respondent‬ ‭2‬‭BOD (Business & Ops Director)‬ ‭3‬‭HFA (Acting Head of Finance & Adm)‬ ‭4‬‭SM (Sales & Marketing)‬ ‭5‬‭CFC(Customer Fleet Chartering)‬ ‭External Respondent‬ ‭6‬‭CBS(Customer Bunker Services)‬ ‭7‬‭CSA(Customer Ship Agency)‬ ‭8‬‭RB(Regulatory Body)‬ ‭(Source: Author)‬ ‭29‬ ‭b.‬ ‭Observation:‬‭This‬‭requires‬‭a‬‭direct‬‭visual‬‭examination‬‭of‬‭the‬‭research‬ ‭object‬‭or‬‭environment.‬‭Sugiyono‬‭(2008:226)‬‭suggests‬‭that‬‭observation‬ ‭forms‬‭the‬‭foundation‬‭of‬‭all‬‭scientific‬‭knowledge.‬‭Observations‬‭for‬‭this‬ ‭study‬‭were‬‭carried‬‭out‬‭at‬‭the‬‭PT‬‭Maritim‬‭Maju‬‭office‬‭and‬‭its‬‭business‬ ‭environment‬‭to‬‭understand‬‭the‬‭dynamics‬‭and‬‭needs‬‭to‬‭aid‬‭the‬‭research‬ ‭process.‬ ‭c.‬ ‭Documentation:‬‭This‬‭method‬‭involves‬‭the‬‭use‬‭of‬‭documents‬‭or‬‭archives‬ ‭owned‬‭by‬‭the‬‭concerned‬‭party.‬‭It's‬‭particularly‬‭useful‬‭for‬‭gathering‬ ‭secondary‬‭data,‬‭typically‬‭in‬‭the‬‭form‬‭of‬‭reports.‬‭This‬‭might‬‭include‬ ‭historical‬‭records,‬‭general‬‭company‬‭descriptions,‬‭vision‬‭and‬‭mission‬ ‭statements,‬‭business‬‭sectors,‬‭competition‬‭analysis,‬‭business‬‭model‬‭canvas‬ ‭and the company's organizational structure.‬ ‭3.1‬‭Data Analysis Method‬ ‭To‬‭fully‬‭understand‬‭the‬‭research‬‭objectives,‬‭a‬‭comprehensive‬‭qualitative‬‭data‬‭analysis‬ ‭approach‬‭was‬‭selected‬‭due‬‭to‬‭its‬‭ability‬‭to‬‭uncover‬‭profound,‬‭contextual‬‭insights.‬ ‭The‬‭analytical‬‭process‬‭began‬‭with‬‭meticulously‬‭conducted‬‭in-depth‬‭interviews‬‭with‬‭a‬ ‭wide‬‭set‬‭of‬‭company‬‭leaders‬‭and‬‭respected‬‭industry‬‭experts.‬‭The‬‭objective‬‭of‬‭these‬ ‭discussions‬‭was‬‭to‬‭gain‬‭a‬‭deeper‬‭understanding‬‭of‬‭the‬‭intricate‬‭elements‬‭that‬‭impact‬ ‭business‬‭operations,‬‭including‬‭the‬‭dynamic‬‭shifts‬‭in‬‭the‬‭market,‬‭the‬‭actual‬‭pressures‬ ‭within‬‭the‬‭relevant‬‭industries,‬‭emerging‬‭trends,‬‭and‬‭the‬‭broader‬‭macroeconomic‬ ‭variables‬‭that‬‭influence‬‭them.‬‭Simultaneously,‬‭a‬‭thorough‬‭content‬‭analysis‬‭was‬ ‭conducted,‬‭scrutinizing‬‭relevant‬‭industry‬‭reports,‬‭scholarly‬‭white‬‭papers,‬‭and‬ ‭reputable‬‭news‬‭pieces.‬‭The‬‭main‬‭objective‬‭was‬‭to‬‭provide‬‭a‬‭comprehensive‬‭view‬‭of‬ ‭the‬‭wider‬‭corporate‬‭environment,‬‭embracing‬‭its‬‭numerous‬‭aspects‬‭combined‬‭from‬‭the‬ ‭initial interview regarding the BMC Environment.‬ ‭Subsequently,‬‭focus‬‭was‬‭redirected‬‭towards‬‭a‬‭comprehensive‬‭scrutiny‬‭of‬‭PT‬‭Maritim‬ ‭Maju.‬‭The‬‭case‬‭study,‬‭which‬‭focused‬‭on‬‭its‬‭distinctive‬‭position‬‭in‬‭the‬‭sector,‬‭played‬‭a‬ ‭vital‬‭role‬‭in‬‭clarifying‬‭the‬‭practical‬‭consequences‬‭and‬‭difficulties‬‭linked‬‭to‬‭the‬ ‭Business‬‭Model‬‭Canvas‬‭(BMC).‬‭Conducting‬‭discussions‬‭with‬‭PT‬‭Maritim‬‭Maju's‬ ‭main‬‭stakeholders‬‭played‬‭a‬‭crucial‬‭role‬‭in‬‭uncovering‬‭explicit‬‭and‬‭nuanced‬ ‭perspectives‬‭regarding‬‭the‬‭strengths,‬‭flaws,‬‭opportunities,‬‭and‬‭risks‬‭associated‬‭with‬ ‭their‬‭current‬‭Business‬‭Model‬‭Canvas‬‭(BMC).‬‭Utilizing‬‭the‬‭comprehensive‬‭findings‬‭of‬ ‭30‬ ‭the‬‭SWOT‬‭analysis,‬‭the‬‭researcher‬‭assumed‬‭the‬‭responsibility‬‭of‬‭formulating‬‭the‬ ‭TOWS‬‭matrix‬‭for‬‭PT‬‭Maritim‬‭Maju.‬‭The‬‭TOWS‬‭matrix‬‭served‬‭as‬‭a‬‭strategic‬ ‭junction‬‭by‬‭combining‬‭internal‬‭strengths‬‭and‬‭weaknesses‬‭with‬‭exterior‬‭opportunities‬ ‭and‬‭dangers.‬‭This‬‭analytical‬‭instrument‬‭paved‬‭the‬‭way‬‭for‬‭the‬‭second‬‭step‬‭of‬‭strategy‬ ‭creation.‬‭By‬‭utilizing‬‭a‬‭cyclical‬‭approach‬‭and‬‭incorporating‬‭the‬‭findings‬‭from‬‭SWOT‬ ‭and‬‭TOWS‬‭assessments,‬‭a‬‭enhanced‬‭and‬‭flexible‬‭Business‬‭Model‬‭Canvas‬‭(BMC)‬‭was‬ ‭created.‬‭This‬‭new‬‭BMC‬‭provides‬‭firms‬‭with‬‭improved‬‭ability‬‭to‬‭withstand‬‭and‬‭adapt‬ ‭to the complexities of the modern market.‬ ‭During‬‭this‬‭investigation,‬‭the‬‭inquiry‬‭was‬‭based‬‭on‬‭the‬‭principles‬‭of‬‭theme‬‭analysis.‬ ‭This‬‭methodology‬‭guaranteed‬‭that‬‭not‬‭only‬‭were‬‭patterns‬‭or‬‭themes‬‭within‬‭the‬ ‭qualitative‬‭data‬‭identified‬‭precisely,‬‭but‬‭they‬‭were‬‭also‬‭thoroughly‬‭examined‬‭and‬ ‭expressed‬‭in‬‭a‬‭coherent‬‭manner.‬‭Specific‬‭software‬‭tools‬‭were‬‭employed‬‭to‬‭facilitate‬ ‭the‬‭organization,‬‭coding,‬‭and‬‭navigation‬‭of‬‭this‬‭extensive‬‭collection‬‭of‬‭qualitative‬ ‭data.‬‭This‬‭guaranteed‬‭comprehensive‬‭documentation‬‭and‬‭analysis‬‭of‬‭each‬‭crucial‬ ‭revelation.‬ ‭31‬.