84 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter delineates the research methodology pivotal in scrutinizing the hypothesized relationships outlined in the research framework. It played a fundamental role in systematically examining the antecedents of employee green behavior (EGB) within the coal mining sector. By methodically exploring these relationships, this study established a robust foundation aligning the research design with broader objectives, fostering a focused investigation while upholding methodological rigor. III.1 Research Philosophies Rooted in the pragmatism philosophy, this research embodied a practical orientation crucial for comprehending organizational phenomena (Creswell, 2003). Pragmatism emphasized the direct application of knowledge to solve real-world challenges, prioritizing problem-solving over abstract theorizing. This pragmatic stance deeply influenced the study’s mixed-method design, amalgamating the precision of quantitative surveys with the richness of qualitative interviews and observations (Creswell, 2003). This synthesis played a pivotal role in untangling the intricate complexities associated with green human resource management (GHRM) and EGB within organizational contexts. Pragmatism, recognizing reality’s dynamic nature, advocated for diverse methodological approaches essential in exploring multifaceted organizational phenomena. The integration of quantitative and qualitative research methods fostered a comprehensive understanding, encompassing both the measurable aspects of GHRM and EGB and their nuanced contextual dimensions. Pragmatism inherently allowed for a flexible research approach, enabling the adaptation of methodologies to align with specific research objectives (Creswell, 2003). This adaptability ensured a thorough investigation into GHRM and EGB within the realm of environmental sustainability and organizational settings. Koleksi digital milik UPT Perpustakaan ITB untuk keperluan pendidikan dan penelitian 85 Figure III.1 The Research Onion (Saunders, 2014) III.2 Research Methods This research employed an exploratory sequential mixed-method approach (Creswell et al., 2006), combining both qualitative and quantitative techniques to comprehensively explore EGB within the Indonesian coal mining sector. Initially, the research focused on qualitative techniques to probe into the relatively unexplored aspects of EGB. This phase was instrumental in developing new instruments in the absence of existing ones, uncovering unknown variables, and formulating theories or hypotheses (Creswell & Clark, 2009). Insights from this stage then informed the subsequent quantitative phase, aimed at extending the qualitative findings to a larger population sample (Creswell et al., 2006). The methodology incorporated qualitative methods like focus group discussions and interviews, which were initially utilized to enrich the exploratory phase by providing depth and context to the study. Subsequently, the quantitative phase took precedence, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of EGB. The quantitative study primarily adopted a survey methodology, employing a questionnaire to collect data from a representative sample, aligned with the methodological principles outlined by (Saunders, 2014). This approach emphasized Koleksi digital milik UPT Perpustakaan ITB untuk keperluan pendidikan dan penelitian 86 the importance of sample representativeness, meticulous instrument design, piloting, and achieving a high response rate to ensure methodological robustness. Refer to Figure III.2 for a visual representation of the research design.