89 APPENDIX D Principal Component Analysis Calculation Summary statistics: Variable Observations Obs. with missing data Obs. without missing data Minimum Maximum Mean Std. deviation pH 10 0 10 7.600 7.960 7.807 0.100 TSS 10 0 10 2.830 8.330 5.848 1.665 DO 10 0 10 4.790 6.770 6.082 0.635 BOD 10 0 10 10.810 13.560 12.125 0.995 NH3 10 0 10 0.130 0.270 0.197 0.041 PO4 10 0 10 0.030 1.090 0.222 0.318 NO3 10 0 10 0.380 2.650 1.679 0.755 CN 10 0 10 0.010 0.110 0.060 0.035 H2S 10 0 10 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.001 Correlation matrix (Spearman): Variables pH TSS DO BOD NH3 PO4 NO3 CN H2S pH 1 0.067 -0.012 -0.134 0.302 -0.110 0.271 0.012 -0.317 TSS 0.067 1 0.309 -0.321 0.129 0.128 0.693 0.459 0.347 DO -0.012 0.309 1 -0.758 -0.423 -0.608 0.395 0.905 0.553 BOD -0.134 -0.321 -0.758 1 0.534 0.292 -0.055 -0.648 -0.347 NH3 0.302 0.129 -0.423 0.534 1 0.006 0.234 -0.433 -0.314 PO4 -0.110 0.128 -0.608 0.292 0.006 1 -0.003 -0.607 -0.052 NO3 0.271 0.693 0.395 -0.055 0.234 -0.003 1 0.451 0.335 CN 0.012 0.459 0.905 -0.648 -0.433 -0.607 0.451 1 0.598 H2S -0.317 0.347 0.553 -0.347 -0.314 -0.052 0.335 0.598 1 Values in bold are different from 0 with a significance level alpha=0.05 90 Eigenvectors: F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 pH -0.006 0.358 -0.554 0.485 -0.454 0.144 -0.255 0.156 -0.115 TSS 0.261 0.484 0.282 0.152 0.559 0.026 -0.375 0.167 -0.336 DO 0.488 -0.076 -0.136 -0.080 -0.018 -0.045 0.511 0.667 -0.154 BOD -0.394 0.164 0.114 -0.502 -0.294 -0.379 -0.318 0.448 -0.141 NH3 -0.233 0.501 -0.202 -0.389 0.202 0.526 0.235 0.081 0.350 PO4 -0.250 0.141 0.581 0.505 -0.157 0.007 0.197 0.316 0.403 NO3 0.242 0.577 0.105 -0.091 -0.263 -0.448 0.368 -0.427 -0.029 CN 0.495 -0.005 -0.083 -0.119 -0.017 -0.191 -0.420 0.079 0.717 H2S 0.344 -0.022 0.431 -0.231 -0.510 0.564 -0.163 -0.086 -0.173 Factor loadings: F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 pH -0.011 0.489 -0.658 0.461 -0.307 TSS 0.508 0.662 0.336 0.145 0.379 DO 0.950 -0.104 -0.161 -0.076 -0.012 BOD -0.768 0.224 0.136 -0.477 -0.200 NH3 -0.454 0.685 -0.240 -0.370 0.137 PO4 -0.486 0.193 0.690 0.479 -0.106 NO3 0.472 0.789 0.125 -0.087 -0.178 CN 0.964 -0.007 -0.099 -0.113 -0.011 H2S 0.670 -0.030 0.512 -0.220 -0.345 Correlations between variables and factors: Par F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 pH -0.011 0.489 -0.658 0.461 -0.307 TSS 0.508 0.662 0.336 0.145 0.379 DO 0.950 -0.104 -0.161 -0.076 -0.012 BOD -0.768 0.224 0.136 -0.477 -0.200 NH3 -0.454 0.685 -0.240 -0.370 0.137 PO4 -0.486 0.193 0.690 0.479 -0.106 NO3 0.472 0.789 0.125 -0.087 -0.178 CN 0.964 -0.007 -0.099 -0.113 -0.011 H2S 0.670 -0.030 0.512 -0.220 -0.345 91 Contribution of the variables (%): F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 pH 0.003 12.805 30.705 23.561 20.576 TSS 6.798 23.445 7.975 2.316 31.214 DO 23.777 0.578 1.840 0.646 0.034 BOD 15.551 2.695 1.304 25.242 8.666 NH3 5.439 25.141 4.071 15.167 4.099 PO4 6.230 1.988 33.749 25.461 2.467 NO3 5.878 33.296 1.107 0.830 6.928 CN 24.494 0.003 0.696 1.426 0.028 H2S 11.829 0.048 18.552 5.350 25.989 Squared cosines of the variables: F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 pH 0.000 0.239 0.434 0.213 0.095 TSS 0.258 0.438 0.113 0.021 0.143 DO 0.903 0.011 0.026 0.006 0.000 BOD 0.590 0.050 0.018 0.228 0.040 NH3 0.207 0.470 0.057 0.137 0.019 PO4 0.237 0.037 0.477 0.230 0.011 NO3 0.223 0.622 0.016 0.007 0.032 CN 0.930 0.000 0.010 0.013 0.000 H2S 0.449 0.001 0.262 0.048 0.119 Values in bold correspond for each variable to the factor for which the squared cosine is the largest Factor scores: Observation F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 1 1.730 -1.409 -0.484 0.001 -0.064 2 1.139 0.718 -0.330 -0.616 -1.076 3 -3.485 -1.768 -0.134 -0.527 -0.545 4 -0.429 1.689 -0.759 0.902 0.934 5 1.421 0.946 -0.958 0.035 0.131 6 -0.515 -1.190 3.127 1.417 0.660 7 -0.228 1.636 0.948 -0.942 -0.526 8 0.586 -0.935 -1.213 1.689 -0.713 9 2.820 0.147 1.082 -0.776 0.433 10 -3.040 0.166 -1.279 -1.182 0.765 92 Contribution of the observations (%): F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 1 7.879 10.635 1.657 0.000 0.089 2 3.418 2.759 0.772 4.209 25.201 3 31.984 16.734 0.127 3.081 6.464 4 0.484 15.267 4.082 9.005 19.006 5 5.318 4.796 6.494 0.014 0.375 6 0.697 7.578 69.235 22.251 9.491 7 0.137 14.326 6.361 9.841 6.015 8 0.906 4.684 10.421 31.594 11.071 9 20.937 0.116 8.292 6.667 4.079 10 24.332 0.148 11.586 15.479 12.732 Squared cosines of the observations: F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 1 0.498 0.331 0.039 0.000 0.001 2 0.321 0.127 0.027 0.094 0.286 3 0.728 0.187 0.001 0.017 0.018 4 0.033 0.510 0.103 0.145 0.156 5 0.378 0.167 0.171 0.000 0.003 6 0.016 0.087 0.598 0.123 0.027 7 0.010 0.524 0.176 0.174 0.054 8 0.052 0.133 0.224 0.433 0.077 9 0.722 0.002 0.106 0.055 0.017 10 0.695 0.002 0.123 0.105 0.044 Values in bold correspond for each observation to the factor for which the squared cosine is the largest 93 Population Distribution Map in each Zone; Source: Analysis, 2017 261 person 40701 person 0 person 36463 person 24571 person 671 person 3604 person 0 person 44011 person APPENDIX E 94 Agriculture distribution Map in each zone. Source: Analysis, 2017 and KPPKE Agency of Tanjungpinang modified 21 Hectare 34 Hectare 95 Livestock distribution Map. Source: Analysis, 2017 and KPPKE Agency of Tanjungpinang Modified • 200 cows • 194 goats • 61471 chickens • 66 pigs • 109 cows • 51 goats • 264 chickens • 65 pigs • 15 goats • 61 chickens 96 • Hospital of Tanjungpinang Municipality • Indonesia Navi Hospital Hospital of Riau Archipelago Province Hospital location. Source: Analysis, 2017 and Helath Agency of Tanjungpinang 97 Laguna Hotel Rainbow Hotel Sunrise Hotel Location of three hotels in Tanjungpinang. Source: Analysis, 2017 and Helath Agency of Tanjungpinang 98 APPENDIX F Assimilative Capacity Calculation 1. Zone 1 Parameter Pollutant Load (Ton/Month) Concentration (mg/L) Standard (mg/L) Y R2 Assimilation Capacity (Ton/Month) 0 0 80 0 0 80 0 0 80 0.362 2 80 0.362 2 80 0.543 3 80 1.629 9 80 2.534 14 80 Average 0.679 0 0 20 1.575 8.7 20 1.846 10.2 20 2.447 13.52 20 Average 1.956 0 0 0.3 0.002 0.0126 0.3 0.007 0.0400 0.3 0.022 0.1200 0.3 0.047 0.2600 0.3 0.054 0.3000 0.3 0.064 0.3540 0.3 0.091 0.5000 0.3 Average 0.041 0 0 0.015 0.003 0.0150 0.015 0.005 0.0300 0.015 0.006 0.0350 0.015 0.010 0.0580 0.015 Average 0.006 0 0 0.08 0.001 0.0080 0.08 0.040 0.2200 0.08 0.151 0.8350 0.08 0.724 4.0000 0.08 Average 0.229 0 0 0.5 0.013 0.0700 0.5 0.033 0.1850 0.5 0.001 0.0080 0.5 Average 0.012 0 0 0.01 0.000 0.0002 0.01 0.000 0.0020 0.01 0.001 0.0040 0.01 0.001 0.0050 0.01 Average 0.001 y=5.5243x 1 14.481TSS BOD 1 0.091 y=5.5243x+1E-18 1 y=5.5243x-4E-15 1 3.620 y=5.5243x-6E-17 1 0.054NH3 PO4 NO3 CN H2S y=5.5243x+2E-17 1 0.003 y=5.5243x 1 0.014 y=5.5243x+2E-17 0.002 99 2. Zone 2 Parameter Pollutant Load (Ton/Month) Concentration (mg/L) Standard (mg/L) Y R2 Assimilation Capacity 0 0 80 0.435 1.5 80 0.580 2 80 0.580 2 80 0.870 3 80 1.016 3.5 80 2.611 9 80 3.192 11 80 5.513 19 80 Average 1.850 0 0 20 2.611 9 20 3.888 13.4 20 4.132 14.24 20 Average 3.544 0 0 0.3 0.010 0.0354 0.3 0.012 0.0400 0.3 0.031 0.1065 0.3 0.045 0.1550 0.3 0.081 0.2800 0.3 0.102 0.3500 0.3 0.116 0.4000 0.3 Average 0.057 0 0 0.015 0.004 0.0150 0.015 0.005 0.0160 0.015 0.007 0.0235 0.015 0.050 0.1720 0.015 Average 0.016 0 0 0.08 0.002 0.0080 0.08 0.136 0.4675 0.08 0.804 2.7720 0.08 2.176 7.5000 0.08 Average 0.780 0 0 0.5 0.000 0.0010 0.5 0.001 0.0020 0.5 0.002 0.0080 0.5 0.026 0.0880 0.5 0.053 0.1830 0.5 Average 0.016 0 0 0.01 0.000 0.0001 0.01 0.000 0.0010 0.01 0.001 0.0020 0.01 0.001 0.0035 0.01 0.001 0.0040 0.01 0.002 0.0060 0.01 Average 0.001 BOD y=3.4466x 1 5.803 TSS y=3.4466x 1 23.211 PO4 y=3.4466x-1E-17 1 0.004 NH3 y=3.4466x-6E-17 1 0.087 CN 1 0.145 NO3 y=3.4466x-8E-16 1 0.023 H2S y=3.4466x-8E-19 1 0.003 y=3.4466x 100 3. Zone 4 Parameter Pollutant Load (Ton/Month) Concentration (mg/L) Standard (mg/L) Y R2 Assimilation Capacity 0 0 80 0.597 1 80 1.194 2 80 1.194 2 80 1.791 3 80 4.777 8 80 10.748 18 80 11.943 20 80 Average 4.606 0 0 20 5.135 8.6 20 7.046 11.8 20 8.521 14.27 20 Average 6.901 0 0 0.3 0.021 0.0354 0.3 0.024 0.0400 0.3 0.299 0.5000 0.3 0.299 0.5000 0.3 0.058 0.0969 0.3 0.161 0.2700 0.3 Average 0.144 0 0 0.015 0.009 0.0150 0.015 0.013 0.0220 0.015 0.035 0.0580 0.015 0.549 0.9200 0.015 Average 0.152 0 0 0.08 0.005 0.0080 0.08 0.060 0.1000 0.08 0.358 0.6000 0.08 0.622 1.0410 0.08 4.777 8.0000 0.08 Average 1.164 0 0 0.5 0.005 0.0080 0.5 0.024 0.0400 0.5 0.026 0.0440 0.5 0.045 0.0760 0.5 Average 0.025 0 0 0.01 0.000 0.0002 0.01 0.001 0.0020 0.01 0.001 0.0020 0.01 0.001 0.0020 0.01 0.002 0.0040 0.01 0.006 0.0100 0.01 Average 0.002 y=1.6747x-3E-15 1 47.770 TSS BOD y=1.6747x 1 11.942 NH3 y=1.6747x 1 0.179 PO4 y=1.6747x 1 0.009 NO3 y=1.6747x+3E-16 1 0.048 CN y=1.6747x-2E-17 1 0.299 y=1.6747x+1E-18 1 0.006 H2S 101 4. Zone 5 Parameter Pollutant Load (Ton/Month) Concentration (mg/L) Standard (mg/L) Y R2 Assimilation Capacity 0.000 0 80 0.000 0 80 1.430 1 80 1.430 1 80 4.289 3 80 15.726 11 80 17.155 12 80 31.452 22 80 Average 8.935 0 0 20 15.297 10.7 20 16.012 11.2 20 19.328 13.52 20 Average 16.879 0 0 0.3 0.051 0.0354 0.3 0.057 0.0400 0.3 0.286 0.2000 0.3 0.329 0.2300 0.3 0.429 0.3000 0.3 Average 0.230 0 0 0.015 0.014 0.0100 0.015 0.019 0.0130 0.015 0.021 0.0150 0.015 0.063 0.0440 0.015 7.677 5.3700 0.015 Average 1.559 0 0 0.08 0.011 0.0080 0.08 0.429 0.3000 0.08 0.515 0.3600 0.08 1.960 1.3710 0.08 8.578 6.0000 0.08 Average 2.299 0 0 0.5 0.011 0.0080 0.5 0.029 0.0200 0.5 0.081 0.0570 0.5 0.173 0.1210 0.5 Average 0.074 0 0 0.01 0.000 0.0001 0.01 0.001 0.0010 0.01 0.003 0.0020 0.01 0.003 0.0020 0.01 0.003 0.0020 0.01 0.009 0.0060 0.01 Average 0.003 PO4 y=0.6995x 1 0.021 TSS y=0.6995x+2E-15 1 114.367 BOD y=0.6995x+4E-15 1 28.592 NO3 y=0.6995x-3E-16 1 0.114 CN y=0.6995x 1 0.715 H2S y=0.6995x-1E-18 1 0.014 NH3 y=0.6995x-6E-16 1 0.429 102 5. Zone 6 Parameter Pollutant Load (Ton/Month) Concentration (mg/L) Standard (mg/L) Y R2 Assimilation Capacity 0.000 0 80 42.391 1 80 84.782 2 80 254.346 6 80 296.737 7 80 339.128 8 80 635.864 15 80 720.646 17 80 Average 296.737 0 0 20 487.496 11.5 20 559.560 13.2 20 610.430 14.4 20 Average 552.495 0 0 0.3 1.501 0.0354 0.3 1.696 0.0400 0.3 2.967 0.0700 0.3 9.750 0.2300 0.3 13.141 0.3100 0.3 16.956 0.4000 0.3 21.195 0.5000 0.3 Average 9.601 0 0 0.015 0.424 0.0100 0.015 0.636 0.0150 0.015 1.314 0.0310 0.015 7.291 0.1720 0.015 37.304 0.8800 0.015 Average 9.394 0 0 0.08 0.339 0.0080 0.08 7.206 0.1700 0.08 50.869 1.2000 0.08 179.822 4.2420 0.08 296.737 7.0000 0.08 Average 106.995 0 0 0.5 0.000 0.0000 0.5 0.008 0.0002 0.5 0.339 0.0080 0.5 1.696 0.0400 0.5 2.671 0.0630 0.5 7.630 0.1800 0.5 Average 2.057 0 0 0.01 0.085 0.0020 0.01 0.085 0.0020 0.01 0.212 0.0050 0.01 Average 0.127 CN y=0.0236x+1E-17 1 21.186 H2S NO3 y=0.0236x-5E-16 1 3.390 NH3 y=0.0236x-6E-17 1 12.712 1 847.458 PO4 y=0.0236x+4E-17 1 0.636 BOD y=0.0236x+8E-15 TSS y=0.0236x 1 3.39E+03 y=0.0236x+1E-18 1 0.424 103 6. Zone 8 Parameter Pollutant Load (Ton/Month) Concentration (mg/L) Standard (mg/L) Y R2 Assimilation Capacity 0.000 0 80 0.000 0 80 1.699 1 80 13.594 8 80 30.585 18 80 39.081 23 80 Average 14.160 0 0 20 17.502 10.3 20 18.351 10.8 20 22.939 13.5 20 Average 19.597 0 0 0.3 0.060 0.0354 0.3 0.136 0.0800 0.3 0.340 0.2000 0.3 0.374 0.2200 0.3 0.680 0.4000 0.3 Average 0.318 0 0 0.015 0.025 0.0150 0.015 0.036 0.0210 0.015 0.107 0.0630 0.015 0.144 0.0850 0.015 Average 0.078 0 0 0.08 0.014 0.0080 0.08 0.323 0.1900 0.08 3.262 1.9200 0.08 8.496 5.0000 0.08 Average 3.024 0 0 0.5 0.014 0.0080 0.5 0.156 0.0920 0.5 0.374 0.2200 0.5 Average 0.181 0 0 0.01 0.000 0.0001 0.01 0.003 0.0020 0.01 0.005 0.0030 0.01 0.015 0.0090 0.01 Average 0.006 H2S y=0.5885x-1E-18 1 0.017 TSS y=0.5885x-3E-15 1 135.939 33.985BOD NH3 y=0.5885x 1 0.510 PO4 y=0.5885x-1E-17 1 0.025 NO3 y=0.5885x+4E-16 1 0.136 CN y=0.5885x 1 0.850 y=0.5885x 1 104 APPENDIX G Crosstab Analysis Using SPSS a. Correlation between education and income Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Education * Income 60 100.0% 0 0.0% 60 100.0% Education * Income Crosstabulation Count Income Total < 1million 1 - 1.9 million 2 - 2.9 million > 3 million Education Elementary 8 7 4 1 20 Junior 1 4 4 0 9 Senior 2 7 6 3 18 University 0 1 3 9 13 Total 11 19 17 13 60 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 31.359 a 9 .000 Likelihood Ratio 31.574 9 .000 Linear-by-Linear Association 19.793 1 .000 N of Valid Cases 60 a. 12 cells (75.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.65. 105 Correlations Education Income Education Pearson Correlation 1 .579 ** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 60 60 Income Pearson Correlation .579 ** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 60 60 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2- tailed). b. Correlation between house appearance and ownership of private toilet Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent House appearance * Private toilet 60 100.0% 0 0.0% 60 100.0% House appearance * Private toilet Crosstabulation Count Private toilet Total Yes No House appearance Great 8 1 9 Good 44 3 47 Bad 3 1 4 Total 55 5 60 106 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1.779 a 2 .411 Likelihood Ratio 1.329 2 .514 Linear-by-Linear Association .178 1 .673 N of Valid Cases 60 a. 4 cells (66.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .33. Correlations House appearance Private toilet House appearance Pearson Correlation 1 .055 Sig. (2-tailed) .677 N 60 60 Private toilet Pearson Correlation .055 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .677 N 60 60 c. Correlation between ownership of private toilet and ownership of private wastewater treatment (on-site wastewater treatment plant) Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Private toilet * On site WWT 60 100.0% 0 0.0% 60 100.0% 107 Private toilet * On site WWT Crosstabulation Count On site WWT Total Yes No 11 Private toilet Yes 19 35 1 55 No 0 5 0 5 Total 19 40 1 60 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 2.727 a 2 .256 Likelihood Ratio 4.279 2 .118 Linear-by-Linear Association .091 1 .763 N of Valid Cases 60 a. 4 cells (66.7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .08. Correlations Private toilet On site WWT Private toilet Pearson Correlation 1 .039 Sig. (2-tailed) .766 N 60 60 On site WWT Pearson Correlation .039 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .766 N 60 60 108 d. Correlation between ownership of private wastewater treatment and location of house Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent House location * On site WWT 60 100.0% 0 0.0% 60 100.0% House location * On site WWT Crosstabulation Count On site WWT Total Yes No 11 House location On the land 18 7 1 26 On the sea 1 33 0 34 Total 19 40 1 60 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 32.624 a 2 .000 Likelihood Ratio 37.174 2 .000 Linear-by-Linear Association .887 1 .346 N of Valid Cases 60 a. 2 cells (33.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .43. 109 Correlations House location On site WWT House location Pearson Correlation 1 .123 Sig. (2-tailed) .351 N 60 60 On site WWT Pearson Correlation .123 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .351 N 60 60 e. Correlation between income and willingness to pay for wastewater treatment installation Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing Total N Percent N Percent N Percent Income * WTP for the installation 60 100.0% 0 0.0% 60 100.0% Income * WTP for the installation Crosstabulation Count WTP for the installation Total Abstain 0 < 500K 1000K Income < 1million 6 3 2 0 11 1 - 1.9 million 6 8 4 1 19 2 - 2.9 million 3 11 3 0 17 > 3 million 3 4 5 1 13 Total 18 26 14 2 60 110 Chi-Square Tests Value df Asymp. Sig.