13 Chapter III Study Area Overview III.1 Tanjungpinang Municipality Overview III.1.1 Geographical Condition Tanjungpinang or previously called by Tanjung Pinang is the capital city of the Riau Archipelago, which located on Bintan Island, to coordinate 00 o 51 up to 00 o 59’ North Latitude and 104 o 23’up to 104 o 34’ East Longitude. Overall, it has an area of 239.50 km 2 , the most areas are wetland, lowland and mangrove ecosystem. It has a tropical climate with temperature approximately 22 o C - 32 o C and humidity is 85 per cent. The regional of Tanjungpinang reach 131.54 Km 2 of land and 107.96 km 2 of sea. The boundaries of Tanjungpinang are Bintan Regency and Batam Island (North), Bintan Regency (South), Batam Municipality (West) and Bintan Regency (East). Administratively, Tanjungpinang has 4 sub districts (Kecamatan), 16 Urban Village (Kelurahan), 166 Village Cluster (RW) and 637 Neighborhood Institution (RT). More completely, the Tanjungpinang administrative boundaries are shown in Table III.1 Table III. 1 Kecamatan, Kelurahan and number of RT and RW in Tanjungpinang in 2015 No Kecamatan Kelurahan RW RT 1 Bukit Bestari Dompak 41 177 East Tanjungpinang Tanjung Ayun Sakti Sei Jang Tanjung Unggat 2 East Tanjungpinang Batu IX 53 215 Melayu Kota Piring Air Raja Pinang Kencana Kampung Bulang 3 City of Tanjungpinang City of Tanjungpinang 30 77 Penyengat Kampung Bugis Senggarang 14 4 West Tanjungpinang Bukit Cermin 42 204 Kampung Baru Kemboja West Tanjungpinang Source: Local Government of Tanjungpinang Municipality III.1.2 Demographics Condition According to data from the Department of Population and Civil Registration of Tanjungpinang in 2015, the total population is 202215 that spread unevenly in four Kecamatan. Although the population is uneven, there have three Kecamatan where the majority population lives in the coastal area, they are a West Tanjungpinang, City of Tanjungpinang and a half of Bukit Bestari. Tanjungpinang has two separate islands to the main island that is Penyengat Island and Dompak Island. Almost population in Penyengat Island lives in coastal areas, while in Dompak Island just used as an office center by Riau Archipelago Province and another party using by Maritim Ali Haji University. The population data of Tanjungpinang are clear at Table III.2 Table III. 2 Area, Population, and Population Density in Tanjungpinang by Sub District, 2015 Sub District Area (KM 2 ) Population Density (Per Km 2 ) Bukit Bestari 46.51 58978 1286 East Tanjungpinang 60.04 79513 1324 City of Tanjungpinang 39.71 17561 442 West Tanjungpinang 4.60 46163 10035 2015 150.86 202215 1340 2014 150.86 199723 1324 2013 131.54 196980 1497 2012 131.54 194099 1476 2011 131.54 191287 1454 Source: Department of Population and Civil Registration of Tanjungpinang (2015) In 2015 and 2014 the area of Tanjungpinang Municipality was changed as 19.32 KM 2 . This is a result of administrative border reaffirmation, including border of 15 Kelurahan and Kecamatan by local government of Tanjungpinang Municipality in collaboration with Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya (Municipality S. B., 2016) Based on the local government regulation number 2 year 2007, to achieve the urban development in Tanjungpinang, the local government distinguishes a part of urban development in 5 sections that called as the BWK (Bagian Wilayah Kota). The first BWK has functioned as the center of trade, service in regional scale and residential that cover the 11 Kelurahan which is the City of Tanjungpinang, Penyengat, West Tanjungpinang, East Tanjungpinang, Kampung Baru, Bukit Cermin, Kemboja, Tanjung Unggat, Kampung Bulang, Melayu Kota Piring and Bintan Center. The second BWK only cover one urban village, which is a Dompak, which has the main function as the center of the new town, mangrove areas, tourist areas, and protected areas. Moreover, the new town in the Dompak Island is separated by three zones such as office complexes, residential and social- economic activities. The third BWK has functioned as a higher education center and resident, which cover the Kelurahan of Sungai Jang and Tanjung Ayun Sakti. The fourth BWK is the non-pollutant industrial area, trade, service and residential. There have three Kelurahan, which are Batu Sembilan, Air Raja except for the Bintan center and Pinang Kencana. The last BWK is the regional development and new administrative center that covers Kampung Bugis and Senggarang Urban Village. Tanjungpinang is the capital city of Riau Island Province as well as a center of several activities, such as economic, education and governmental. This condition creates a high attraction for other people to migrate in this city. Based on demographic data, the population projection in Tanjungpinang will be increased. This projection is supported by the people of productive age in the highest position in 2015. The population demographic in Tanjungpinang will be shown in a population pyramid below. 16 Figure III. 1 Population divided by age and sex in Tanjungpinang Municipality, 2015. Source: Central Bureau of Statistics of Tanjungpinang Municipality, 2016 III.1.3 Education Level The formal educational level in Tanjungpinang Municipality consists of primary school there is an elementary school and junior high school, secondary education which is senior high school and higher education. Obviously, education level of Tanjungpinang is shown in figure III.2. Male Female 17 Figure III. 2 Population aged 15 years old and more by educational attainment. Source: Central Bureau of Statistics of Tanjungpinang Municipality, 2016 III.1.4 Economic Condition Based on the percentage of distribution of PDRB, the economic condition of Tanjungpinang is dominated by the construction sector. Where during 3 years in a row (2013, 2014 and 2016), the construction sector becomes the largest contribution of regional income of Tanjungpinang, counted as 36.18 %, 36.87%, and 35.85 % respectively. In the second place is occupied by wholesale and retail trade, especially the repair of car and motorbike count as 22.56% in 2015, third place is placed by government administrative, national defense and social insurance that is accounted for 9.35% in 2015. Meanwhile, clean water supply, management and reuse of wastewater or solid water are placed in the third lowest position after mining and the private company, which counts as 0.06% in 2013 and 2015 and 0.07% in 2014. III.1.5 Land Use of Tanjungpinang Municipality According to Spatial Planning of Tanjungpinang Municipality (2010-2030), the existing width of land use in Tanjungpinang municipality in 2009 is 16.33% that is the protected area and another part is the cultivation area with large around 83.67%. The highest proportion of land use is dominated by shrub are (35.31%) and followed by land under permanent crop (20.53%), forest (16.15%), settlement (13.78%) and vacant land (8.64%). Obviously, the land use of Tanjungpinang municipality is described in Table 3.3 and Figure III.3 No Schooling 0% Elementary school unclompleted 12% Elementary school 13% Junior high school 16% Senior high school 40% Diploma 4% University 15% Educational Attainment 18 Table III. 3 Land Use Classification in Tanjungpinang, 2009 No Type of land used Area Hectare % I Protected Area 2147.40 16.33 1. Protected Forest 258.20 1.96 2. Mangrove 1866.40 14.19 3. Lake 22.80 0.17 II Cultivation Area 11006.60 83.67 1. Settlement 1812.60 13.78 2. Office Complex 4.60 0.03 3. Plantation 71.20 0.54 4. Agriculture 2629.00 19.99 5. Fishery 5.40 0.04 6. Mining 21.90 0.17 7.