OBSERVING THE IMPACT OF CO 2 INJECTION SCENARIO, INJECTION PERIOD, AND WATER ALTERNATING GAS CYCLES ON CO 2 TRAPPING MECHANISMS IN A CARBONATE RESERVOIR AT “S” FIELD BACHELOR THESIS Gaby Graviela Nusyirwan 12219055 Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in Petroleum Engineering study program PETROLEUM ENGINEERING STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF MINING AND PETROLEUM ENGINEERING INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG 2023 OBSERVING THE IMPACT OF CO 2 INJECTION SCENARIO, INJECTION PERIOD, AND WATER ALTERNATING GAS CYCLES ON CO 2 TRAPPING MECHANISMS IN A CARBONATE RESERVOIR AT “S” FIELD Prof. Ir. Asep Kurnia Permadi, M.Sc., Ph.D. BACHELOR THESIS GABY GRAVIELA NUSYIRWAN 12219055 Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in Petroleum Engineering study program Approved by: Thesis Adviser, Bandung, 15 Juni 196311121990011001 Thesis Co-Adviser, Bandung, 8 Juni 2023 Egi Adrian Pratama, S.T., M.Phil. Prof. IrIrIrIIIrIrIrIrIrIrIrIrIrIIrIrrrrIrIrIrIrIrIrIrIrIIrIrIrIrIrIrIrIrIrIrIIrIIIrIrIrIrIrIrIrIrIIrIrIrIrIrIIIrIrIrIrIrIIrIrIrrIIrIrIrIrIrrrIIrIrIrIrIIrIrIIIIrIIrIIIIIIIII.Asep KurniaPermadi,M.Sc.,Ph.D. EgiAdrian Pratama S T M Phil Bandung, 15 Juni 2023 Bandung, 15 Juni 2023 OBSERVING THE IMPACT OF CO 2 INJECTION SCENARIO, INJECTION PERIOD, AND WATER ALTERNATING GAS CYCLES ON CO 2 TRAPPING MECHANISMS IN A CARBONATE RESERVOIR AT “S” FIELD Gaby Graviela Nusyirwan*, Asep Kurnia Permadi**, and Egi Adrian Pratama** Copyright 2023, Institut Teknologi Bandung Abstract A 2015 Paris Agreement has demanded all countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in mitigating climate change and making the world temperature increase well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) has been introduced considered will play a significant role in the future oil and gas industry as this industry massively contributes to global carbon emissions through the production operation and consumption of energy. By consistently implementing Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology to capture CO 2 emissions from industrial processes and various sources, and subsequently storing it in deep geological formations, the industry can significantly mitigate its carbon footprint and make a valuable contribution to sustainable development. CCS will not only help in meeting emissions reduction targets, but it also provides opportunities for improving oil recovery and the development of carbon-neutral energy systems. Various trapping mechanisms exist to prevent the migration and potential leakage of CO 2. These mechanisms include hydrodynamic trapping, residual trapping, solubility trapping, and mineral trapping. Several geological and technical factors influence the effectiveness of these trapping mechanisms, such as the distribution of permeability and porosity, characteristics of the caprock and reservoir wettability, heterogeneity in wettability, salinity of formation water, the type of CO 2 injection well, and the temperature of the aquifer. Besides, the CO 2injection scenario, injection period, and implementation of a water alternating gas cycle are important factors that can influence the capacity for CO 2 trapping within reservoirs. This study aims to further explore and analyze these factors as its main objective. A sensitivity study was conducted by varying three parameters: CO 2 injection scenario, CO2 injection period, and CO 2-WAG cycle to assess their impact on CO2 storage. In all cases, a consistent total amount of 1043.9 tons of CO 2 was used for injection, and CO2 storage was monitored for 100 years. The results indicate that the CO 2 trapping mechanism is slightly influenced by the injection scenario, injection period, and the water-alternating-gas cycle. The sensitivity analysis of the injection scenario reveals a slightly noticeable impact on residual trapping, with the WAG cycle exhibiting the highest value of residual trapping compared to other injection scenarios. Regarding the injection period sensitivity, the results demonstrate that the injection period has a slightly noticeable effect on hydrodynamic trapping.