1 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Background The advantage of sea transportation over other modes of transportation is that sea transportation may be very efficient compared to land and air transportation modes because it can deliver very large quantities of goods. Almost all imported and exported commodity goods are loaded in bulk, generally transported by sea. This is because ships have a much larger capacity than other modes of transportation. Likewise, the existence of ports as an accelerator of development and equitable distribution of economic growth in a place also plays an important role. The port in all its sports has very close links with the industrial, agricultural, tourism and exchange sectors. The maritime industry is a large-scale commercial activity with various related technical aspects. The maritime industry can be divided into many sectors: ship design, ship production, marine manufacturing, ship operations, and ship repairing. This sector is also supported by the use of small industries in the form of offering human resources and other technical services that absorb a lot of labor from the private quarter, government and related universities(Partogi et al. 2015). The marking of the maritime industry can be done by looking at the various elements that influence it, such as production and output costs; these elements are integrated with each other in the formation of maritime company revenues. High and occasional production prices can affect the level of sales that will be made. Quantitatively, a company will limit revenue by paying attention to the adjustment of production costs that must be incurred with the help of business companies. If the income is reduced in quantity, of course, it will also have an impact on the profits obtained. As the largest archipelagic country in the world with waters reaching 75% of the country's total area, Indonesia has a very massive and diverse marine development capability. The maritime industry has high-quality capabilities to grow into a leading financial area in Indonesia, this can be reflected in the abundance of Indonesia's rich and high-value marine resources when processed industrially, resulting in excessive costs. Also, based on historical background and facts, the Indonesian people have been successful in the maritime sector. It is recorded that several kingdoms that once existed in Indonesia were known as maritime rulers, such as the Kingdom of Sriwijaya, Majapahit, Demak, Bone and others. Traces of historical facts are even found in Madagascar(Kadar 2014). In Indonesia, there are two main sea transportation companies, namely through the government (i.e., BUMN) and the non-public sector. Each institution is divided into two. Within the government area, it is divided into State-Owned Enterprises that operate public transportation and non-shipping SOEs which are the simplest to carry out special transportation to serve their own entertainment. Private areas are divided into large companies and small companies. Currently, the development of the domestic shipping industry is seen as a strategic quarter that needs to be prioritized in an effort to increase Indonesia's competitiveness in the world market. because almost all commodities for world trade are transported by sea transportation infrastructure unless there is a balance of development between the western and eastern elements of Indonesia. and the farthest and most accessible area of Indonesia using water or sea transportation. However, these regions want to gain access to markets and offerings that are on par with other regions. 2 Marine Insurance is one of the oldest forms of insurance that aims to protect shipping companies and cargo owners from loss or damage to ships and cargo. Marine insurance helps manage risk in the event of an unfortunate incident such as an accident, property and environmental damage, or loss of life. In the maritime industry, the risk is high because there is a potential risk of losing expensive cargo or valuable vessels as well as the risk of environmental damage due to oil pollution and the risk of loss of life to seafarers due to accidents. The ship’s owner or cargo owner will be compensated for losses suffered due to fire, shipwreck, and so on, but not for losses legally recoverable from the carrier (person/company carrying goods for each person or company). Typically, marine insurance is divided into two divisions: Hull and Machinery and Protection and Indemnity. Other forms of marine insurance are designed to cover other risks such as strike costs and losses due to trade in ships in war-affected areas. Hull and Machinery Insurance whether Ship owners ensure their vessels and the equipment on board against the risks of damage or loss by taking out a hull and machinery policy. They pay an annual premium for this cover which is itself predicated on terms and conditions with which the owner must comply. Protection and Indemnity (P&I) Clubs P&I which stands for PROTECTING and INDEMNITY which means PROTECTION and GUARANTEE, is a form of Marine Insurance that protects the insured from liability for third party liability. Marine surveyors are an important part of all work related to marine surveys. Surveyors were asked to understand what they would do. Surveyors have maximum understanding in the field of hull and machinery (ship operation and repair). Some people also painted in the cargo area stated by the surveyors, among others: coffee, tea, cocoa, rattan, steel, oil and other shipments. In some cases, marine surveyors need assistance from various experts who are knowledgeable in their field. The knowledge and experience of metallurgists, electricians, chemists or different fields may be required to assist marine surveyors to decide the reason for the damage or when calculating losses. Given the circumstances of commercial companies conducting surveys in modern surveys and in particular marine surveys, there is a great need to improve performance and create standardization; practice and implementation and reporting of survey results through surveyors. Ship and cargo surveys are conducted by independent or internal surveyors, managed by the Surveys department designed to provide an impartial view of the voyage and its operations. Ongoing control checks are achieved through internal surveyors organized through a delegated Survey branch and designed to offer a third-party perspective on fleet management. Cargo surveys for all types of goods are carried out by independent surveyors and can be arranged through the local insurance correspondent, based on the guidance of the claims staff, if necessary. Surveyors are usually synonymous with the project world, but project surveyors are more than that, namely as "eyes" for the company which is an important element in seeing project objectives. Surveyor is not working individually on a task. Usually, they work on a project that is determined and selected directly by a supervisor. Utilize existing social networks with supervisors, fellow surveyors, and with respondents or related. There are various ways they use social networks with these parties.