THE ROLES OF FEMALE SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS IN CREATING SOCIAL VALUES: A CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE DISSERTATION In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Institut Teknologi Bandung By PRAMESHWARA ANGGAHEGARI Student ID: 39016012 (Doctoral Program of Science in Management) INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG January 2020 i ABSTRACT THE ROLES OF FEMALE SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS IN CREATING SOCIAL VALUES: A CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE By Prameshwara Anggahegari Student ID: 39016012 (Doctoral Program of Science in Management) Latest statistics report shows that the number of females is considerably higher compared to their male counterpart. Instead focusing on their immense number as a potential pool of resources, most global institutions lenses female as the highest contributors of poverty worldwide, while on the same time underlining that gender inequalities are one of the largest barriers for development. Most perspectives have not been able to offer explanation on the ultimate reasons why most females trying to break the limitation that have constricted them and have unconsciously being vested into their daily lives. This dissertation is using a critical social science perspective as an approach to provide understanding on the underlying reasons why Indonesian females are carrying out empowerment through their social enterprises. Despite being lensed with stereotyping and dependency, these females have been able to develop their potentials and try to empower the society. This dissertation also conveys and fills gaps in current literature through the understanding on the dynamics of these females in creating social values. Through critical social science perspective, this dissertation seeks to both explore and explain the roles of females that has not only empowering themselves but also empowering others. They have tried to address several problems through different types of social enterprises as their vehicle and means of solving the problems faced by those being empowered. Through grounded research by employing interpretive stance, this dissertation provides grounded data and analysis based on 40 Indonesia female social entrepreneurs as informants. The observation on their daily lives and interaction, series of in-depth interviews with each of these females and those who are being empowered as well as focus group discussions was carried out as means to grasps understanding toward their life dynamics. The collected primary and secondary data were then being coded iteratively though a constant comparative method. The coding process resulted in. The 348 codes were then being refined and resulted in 102 tentative codes. The tentative codes were then being included in further process where it is being categorized in each level of analysis. The micro level of analysis focuses on the ii individual dynamics and resulted in 7 (seven) dimensions, namely Female Social Entrepreneur’s role; Characteristics of Female Social Entrepreneurs; Internal Motivation; External Obstacles Continuous Process; Social Network; and Contentment. The messo level of analysis focuses on the social enterprises and innovation. Based on the coding process there are 9 (nine) dimensions, which are Means of action; Type of social enterprises; Drawbacks; Innovation; Social Mapping; Collaboration; Activism; Processual Consensus; and Sustainability. The macro level of analysis focuses on the larger setting which is impact on society. The iterative coding resulted in 3 (three) main dimension, namely Systemic changes; Social capital; and Ultimate Aim. The above 19 (nineteen) dimensions were then being triangulate with several stakeholders that have different background and competencies.